Analysis of metabolic profile of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultivated under autotrophic conditions

Puzanskiy, Roman; Шаварда, А. Л.; Tarakhovskaya, Elena; Шишова, М. Ф.

doi:10.1134/s0003683815010135

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…A total 72 metabolites appearing in all samples were detected by GC–MS (Additional file 1 : Table S1, Additional file 2 : Table S2). A similar study about the metabolic pathways of Chlamydomonas under the conditions of nitrogen deficiency, phosphorus deficiency and sulfur deficiency identified about 100 metabolites, including amide and amines related to nitrogen metabolism [ 42 ]. A similar number of metabolites were also reported in the study of Chlamydomonas and the changes in key amino acids and enzymes were analyzed [ 11 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and lipid accumulation by different nutrients in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Yang

Chen

Qin

et al. 2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

128

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BackgroundIndividual nutrient depletion is widely used to induce lipid accumulation in microalgae, which also causes cell growth inhibition and decreases the total biomass. Thus, improving the lipid accumulation without biomass loss in the nutrient deficiency cells becomes a potential cost-effective treatment for cheaper biofuels.MethodsIn this study, the effects of different nutritional conditions on the growth and contents of lipids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were compared, and the metabolic profiles under different nutritional conditions were also investigated.ResultsWe showed that similar to other microalgae, nitrogen or phosphorus deficiency inhibited the growth of Chlamydomonas and combined nutrition deficiency reduced biomass by up to 31.7%, though lipid contents in cells (g/g dry weight [DW]) were significantly increased. The addition of sodium acetate countered this growth inhibition that resulted from nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, with significantly increased biomass. Furthermore, the combination of 4 g/L sodium acetate supplementation with nitrogen and phosphorous deficiency increased total fatty acid yield (mg/L) by 93.0 and 150.1% compared to nutrient-depleted and normal culture conditions, respectively. Metabolite content was affected by the different nutritional conditions, especially metabolites that are involved in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and metabolism of external substances.ConclusionFurther research into these metabolites could shed light onto the relationship between cell growth inhibition and fatty acid accumulation in Chlamydomonas.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13068-018-1041-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and lipid accumulation by different nutrients in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Yang

Chen

Qin

et al. 2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

128

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“…The dried material was dissolved in pyridine with the internal tricosane standard (nC23). The samples were then supplied with the silylating agent BSTFA: TMCS 99:1 (Sigma-Aldrich) and derivatizated at 90 °C for 20 min (Puzanskiy et al, 2015; Puzanskiy et al, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic alterations in pea leaves during arbuscular mycorrhiza development

Shtark

Puzanskiy

Avdeeva

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is known to be a mutually beneficial plant-fungal symbiosis; however, the effect of mycorrhization is heavily dependent on multiple biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, for the proper employment of such plant-fungal symbiotic systems in agriculture, a detailed understanding of the molecular basis of the plant developmental response to mycorrhization is needed. The aim of this work was to uncover the physiological and metabolic alterations in pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves associated with mycorrhization at key plant developmental stages. Plants of pea cv. Finale were grown in constant environmental conditions under phosphate deficiency. The plants were analyzed at six distinct time points, which corresponded to certain developmental stages of the pea: I: 7 days post inoculation (DPI) when the second leaf is fully unfolded with one pair of leaflets and a simple tendril; II: 21 DPI at first leaf with two pairs of leaflets and a complex tendril; III: 32 DPI when the floral bud is enclosed; IV: 42 DPI at the first open flower; V: 56 DPI when the pod is filled with green seeds; and VI: 90–110 DPI at the dry harvest stage. Inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis had no effect on the fresh or dry shoot weight, the leaf photochemical activity, accumulation of chlorophyll a, b or carotenoids. However, at stage III (corresponding to the most active phase of mycorrhiza development), the number of internodes between cotyledons and the youngest completely developed leaf was lower in the inoculated plants than in those without inoculation. Moreover, inoculation extended the vegetation period of the host plants, and resulted in increase of the average dry weight per seed at stage VI. The leaf metabolome, as analyzed with GC-MS, included about three hundred distinct metabolites and showed a strong correlation with plant age, and, to a lesser extent, was influenced by mycorrhization. Metabolic shifts influenced the levels of sugars, amino acids and other intermediates of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism. The use of unsupervised dimension reduction methods showed that (i) at stage II, the metabolite spectra of inoculated plants were similar to those of the control, and (ii) at stages IV and V, the leaf metabolic profiles of inoculated plants shifted towards the profiles of the control plants at earlier developmental stages. At stage IV the inoculated plants exhibited a higher level of metabolism of nitrogen, organic acids, and lipophilic compounds in comparison to control plants. Thus, mycorrhization led to the retardation of plant development, which was also associated with higher seed biomass accumulation in plants with an extended vegetation period. The symbiotic crosstalk between host plant and AM fungi leads to alterations in several biochemical pathways the details of which need to be elucidated in further studies.

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“…The tendency of chromerids to switch metabolism towards storing energy in the form of lipids, which is enhanced in nitrogen-poor media, is shared with other algae like the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium spp. [59], the eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis gaditana [66], the diatom Phaeodactyllum tricornutum [60,61,67], the rhodophyte Cyanidioschyzon merolae, and the chlorophytes Chlorella vulgaris [68] and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [55,69,70]. The complete FAS-II apicoplast-located system was recorded in T. gondii, P. falciparum, and E. tenella [22,29,54,[71][72][73][74][75], and all these apicomplexans use it for the de novo synthesis of saturated FAs [20,29,57,76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Chromerids

et al. 2020

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Fatty acids are essential components of biological membranes, important for the maintenance of cellular structures, especially in organisms with complex life cycles like protozoan parasites. Apicomplexans are obligate parasites responsible for various deadly diseases of humans and livestock. We analyzed the fatty acids produced by the closest phototrophic relatives of parasitic apicomplexans, the chromerids Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis, and investigated the genes coding for enzymes involved in fatty acids biosynthesis in chromerids, in comparison to their parasitic relatives. Based on evidence from genomic and metabolomic data, we propose a model of fatty acid synthesis in chromerids: the plastid-localized FAS-II pathway is responsible for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids reaching the maximum length of 18 carbon units. Short saturated fatty acids (C14:0–C18:0) originate from the plastid are then elongated and desaturated in the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum. We identified giant FAS I-like multi-modular enzymes in both chromerids, which seem to be involved in polyketide synthesis and fatty acid elongation. This full-scale description of the biosynthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives provides important insights into the reductive evolutionary transition of a phototropic algal ancestor to obligate parasites.

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Analysis of metabolic profile of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultivated under autotrophic conditions

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Growth and lipid accumulation by different nutrients in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Growth and lipid accumulation by different nutrients in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Metabolic alterations in pea leaves during arbuscular mycorrhiza development

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Chromerids

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