Analysis of Measured Bottomhole Treating Pressures During Fracturing: Do Not Believe Those Calculated Bottomhole Pressures

Keck, R.G.; Reiter, Doris E.; Lynch, Keith D.; Upchurch, Eric R.

doi:10.2523/63033-ms

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Note that, once again [8] , the whole analysis of calibration tests could have been altered without bottomhole gauge. In fact, figure 11 shows that not only a discrepancy as high as 300 psi was observed between the calculated and the measured bottomhole pressure while pumping the minifrac, but also that the whole pressure trend was different.…”

Section: Calibration Tests Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of 16/30) in 2230 bbl of 40# crosslinked gel at 30 BPM in a 1 to 5 ppg schedule Figure 18 plots the pumping parameters during the main treatment. Little faith should be put in the apparently increasing calculated bottomhole pressure [8] . In fact, a fast decrease while flushing was also estimated, indicating some error in tubing friction calculation.…”

Section: Propped Fracture Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Massive Propped Fractures to Develop Marginal Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

2001

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe Pole-du-Nord Project, offshore Netherlands, covers the joint development of four small Lower Slochteren dry gas bearing sandstone reservoirs. The development scheme is the result of extensive studies to mature an optimized project, taking into account the limited size of the fields, the poor petrophysical characteristics and the reservoirs uncertainties. These fields are located within a circle of 3500 meter (11 500 ft) of radius. The target zone is 60 meters (200 ft) thick and 3700 meter (12000 ft) deep. This paper presents the project reasoning process, the treatment preparation (including a specific care on the fluid formulation and its interaction with the resin coated proppant) and the fracture evaluation.

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Section: Calibration Tests Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Propped Fracture Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive Propped Fractures to Develop Marginal Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

2001

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“…The resultant net pressure calculations for both the real time sensor and calculated values are plotted using a Nolte-Smith Plot and is shown in Figure 8. The real time sensor net pressure initially illustrates the Khristianovich Geertsma de-Klerk (KGD) or radial fracturing model, indicating the fracture height is much larger than its penetration into the formation 6 . While the calculated net pressure illustrates the Perkins Kern Nordgren (PKN) fracturing model, indicating the opposite of the real time sensor behaviour, which is that the fracture is confined in height and extends into the formation, creating a deeply penetrating fracture 6 .…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Real Time Fracture Optimization Using Bottomhole Monitoring Systems

Shepel

2001

SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractFracturing operations continue to become more sophisticated in design, execution, and evaluation. The advancements in fracturing fluid technology and the increased complexity of fracturing operations have made the already complicated task of calculating an accurate bottomhole pressure (BHP) very difficult.The industry continues to struggle with the complexities of calculating an accurate BHP.This paper address a technical application of a real time bottomhole pressure and temperature system, which has allowed operators to obtain real time data economically during the fracturing process; including pre-fracture build up, mini fracture, main fracture treatment, flowback, and well production data.Case studies demonstrate how the bottomhole pressure differs from the calculated value during the fracturing operations. Engineers are better able to make pro-active decisions to optimize the operation, either from the field or from the office, based on the more accurate BHP. In several instances, the main fracture treatment was re-designed after the mini fracture analysis based on an accurate BHP. The paper reviews the theory on how the bottomhole pressure is calculated; shows the many uncertainties related to the calculated BHP; and with case studies, shows the value of accurate bottomhole pressures.

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A Balanced Approach to Waste Disposal using UFI (Underground Fracture Injection)

Baker

Rieke

2001

SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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Most business entities agree that waste production is a misuse of economic resources. It is imperative for industry to properly manage wastes by controlling and disposing liquid and solid residues from manufacturing, processing, and oilfield production operations. In many cases this is not entirely possible owing to economic, regulatory, and process design constraints. For example, by-product waste from oil well drilling operations is inevitable, and originally these residues were either discharged into pits, bodies of water, or in the annular space of wells. All drilling and production wastes can have a significant and adverse impact on the environment. This is due to the manner by which the cutting residues are handled. By increasing their concentration through the process of storing, handling, and transportation, toxic substances are released and will exceed what occurs naturally. The injection of liquid residues into subsurface formations is a standard disposal practice in the oil and gas industry. During the last fifty years, subsurface injection of liquids has become common a practice in the petrochemical industry, chemical manufacturing, nuclear power industry, geothermal energy, mineral processing, and metal manufacturing and fabrication. Concerns about ground water contamination required that Federal and State environmental regulatory agencies in the mid-1980s set guidelines for the control of waste material being injected into the subsurface. The Wellhead Protection (WHP) Program was a new provision in the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. This resulted in a classification system of all injection wells by US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Office of Ground-Water Protection. Injection wells are designated as a Class 1, II, III, IV and V. EPA's major emphasis was to establish primary control parameters: depth, mechanical integrity of the well, and proximity to the underground source of potable water. Ground-water protection is primarily a State responsibility. EPA intends to ensure that States have flexibility in developing their programs, while insuring that these goals and objectives of the law are met. This paper describes some of the new injection technologies and their applications and problems as applied to mixed wastes (slurries). It will also discuss current environmental concerns, economic considerations and risk management with particular case examples of projects located throughout the US and international arenas. We present a tentative set of guidelines from State, Federal and industrial representatives that represent to the authors a "balanced" approach that ensures safe and efficient management of solid waste disposal. These proposed guidelines fulfill the "spirit" of the environmental statute requirements, which are spelled out by the National Environmental Policy Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The guidelines were developed for the specific case of deep well waste disposal using Underground Fracture Injection (UFI) but can be applied to all classes of injection where there is a concern for groundwater quality. Introduction Federal agencies, such as the DOE and EPA as well as the petroleum industry, must meet the requirements of the Federal Environmental statues. There are three statues that directly impact oil and gas operations and are reviewed as follows with our industry in mind.National Environmental Policy Act - provides a process for the Federal agencies to identify and evaluated alternatives to proposed actions to avoid or minimize the effect of these actions on the environment. Requirements include an Environmental Impact Statement and public discourse before a decision can be made by the agency.

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Analysis of Measured Bottomhole Treating Pressures During Fracturing: Do Not Believe Those Calculated Bottomhole Pressures

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Massive Propped Fractures to Develop Marginal Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

Massive Propped Fractures to Develop Marginal Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

Economic Real Time Fracture Optimization Using Bottomhole Monitoring Systems

A Balanced Approach to Waste Disposal using UFI (Underground Fracture Injection)

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