Analysis of Matched Skin and Gut Microbiome of Patients with Vitiligo Reveals Deep Skin Dysbiosis: Link with Mitochondrial and Immune Changes

Bzioueche, Hanene; Sjödin, Kotryna Simonyté; West, Christina; Khemis, A.; Rocchi, Stéphane; Passeron, Thierry; Tulić, Meri K.

doi:10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.036

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Viral infection may activate MDA5 leading to the production of CXCL10 and CXCL16 by keratinocytes and recruitment of CD8+ T cells into the skin [ 105 ]. The impact of bacterial infections on vitiligo is currently uncertain although there are studies linking gut-skin dysbiosis to the appearance of vitiligo lesions and evidence of lesional skin dysbiosis compared to non-lesional skin in patients with vitiligo [ 115 , 116 , 117 ]. To summarize, although the evidence of the PAMPs activation pathway in vitiligo is still limited, it is certainly worth investigating given the link between other immune-mediated skin diseases and infectious triggers.…”

Section: Current Concepts In Immunopathogenesis Of Vitiligomentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Concepts of Vitiligo Immunopathogenesis

et al. 2022

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Vitiligo is an acquired immune-mediated disorder of pigmentation clinically characterized by well-defined depigmented or chalk-white macules and patches on the skin. The prevalence of vitiligo varies by geographical area, affecting 0.5% to 2% of the population. The disease imposes a significant psychological burden due to its major impact on patients’ social and emotional aspects of life. Given its autoimmune background, vitiligo is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases or immune-mediated diseases. Vitiligo is a multifaceted disorder that involves both genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. In recent years, major predisposing genetic loci for the development of vitiligo have been discovered. The current findings emphasize the critical role of immune cells and their mediators in the immunopathogenesis of vitiligo. Oxidative-stress-mediated activation of innate immunity cells such as dendritic cells, natural killer, and ILC-1 cells is thought to be a key event in the early onset of vitiligo. Innate immunity cells serve as a bridge to adaptive immunity cells including T helper 1 cells, cytotoxic T cells and resident memory T cells. IFN-γ is the primary cytokine mediator that activates the JAK/STAT pathway, causing keratinocytes to produce the key chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10. Complex interactions between immune and non-immune cells finally result in apoptosis of melanocytes. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the etiological and genetic factors that contribute to vitiligo, with a focus on immunopathogenesis and the key cellular and cytokine players in the disease’s inflammatory pathways.

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Section: Current Concepts In Immunopathogenesis Of Vitiligomentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Concepts of Vitiligo Immunopathogenesis

et al. 2022

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“…Ni et al identified a significant imbalance in the gut dysbiosis of vitiligo patients by 16 S sequencing ( Ni et al, 2020 ). Bzioueche et al found that vitiligo patients with skin and gut dysbiosis might be related to mitochondrial damage and autoimmune disorder ( Bzioueche et al, 2021 ). We may have a deeper understanding of the interaction between the gut microbiome and inflammatory skin diseases in the future.…”

Section: Gut Microbiome and Inflammatory Skin Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Oxidative stress plays a dominant role in inflammatory skin diseases. Emerging evidence has shown that the close interaction occurred between oxidative stress and the gut microbiome. Overall, in this review, we have summarized the impact of oxidative stress and gut microbiome during the progression and treatment for inflammatory skin diseases, the interactions between gut dysbiosis and redox imbalance, and discussed the potential possible role of oxidative stress in the gut-skin axis. In addition, we have also elucidated the promising gut microbiome/redox-targeted therapeutic strategies for inflammatory skin diseases.

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“…The second study in mouse model of vitiligo treated with antibiotics has shown that depletion of certain bacterial strains in the gut induces skin depigmentation, suggesting possible gut-skin axis in the disease (32). We have recently demonstrated gut and skin dysbiosis in vitiligo compared to healthy controls; the most striking differences were seen in the deeper regions of vitiligo skin (33). Importantly, these changes were associated with mitochondrial damage and loss of protective bacteria at the same site with elevated systemic innate immunity in vitiligo patients.…”

Section: Pattern Recognition Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…As detailed above, bacteria are major producers of PAMPs and alteration of skin and gut microbiome could participate in activation of the innate immune response in vitiligo (31)(32)(33). Modulating the skin or gut microbiome appears as an appealing approach.…”

Section: Therapeutic Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Innate Immunity to Combat Cutaneous Stress: The Vitiligo Perspective

et al. 2021

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Multiple factors are involved in the process leading to melanocyte loss in vitiligo including environmental triggers, genetic polymorphisms, metabolic alterations, and autoimmunity. This review aims to highlight current knowledge on how danger signals released by stressed epidermal cells in a predisposed patient can trigger the innate immune system and initiate a cascade of events leading to an autoreactive immune response, ultimately contributing to melanocyte disappearance in vitiligo. We will explore the genetic data available, the specific role of damage-associated-molecular patterns, and pattern-recognition receptors, as well as the cellular players involved in the innate immune response. Finally, the relevance of therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway to improve this inflammatory and autoimmune condition is also discussed.

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Analysis of Matched Skin and Gut Microbiome of Patients with Vitiligo Reveals Deep Skin Dysbiosis: Link with Mitochondrial and Immune Changes

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

Current Concepts of Vitiligo Immunopathogenesis

Current Concepts of Vitiligo Immunopathogenesis

Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Targeting Innate Immunity to Combat Cutaneous Stress: The Vitiligo Perspective

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