Analysis of Magnitude and Behavior of Rockfall for Volcanic Rocks in Ulleung-Do

Moon, Gi-Bong; You, Young-Min; Yun, Hyun-Seok; Suh, Young-Ho; Seo, Yong-Seok; Baek, Yong

doi:10.9720/kseg.2014.3.373

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This study is valuable and can provide a reliable reference for relevant research by other scholars. 1 The longitude and latitude coordinate data are classified and not listed in the table. 2 The accuracy rate is 88.57%, and there are eight inaccuracies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this equation, 1 + (− ln γ) α represents the random disturbance factor, γ is a random value within the range of [0, 1], and α controls random disturbance and expresses the uncertainty caused by random factors in the process of rock mass evolution; in this study, its value was set within the interval [1,10]. Finally, 1 1+e −net j (k,t) is the response value of the hidden layer.…”

Section: Model Implementation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the field investigation, the accuracy rate was determined to be 87.32%, as shown in Table 5. 1 The Zone ID corresponds to Figure 8b. 2 The volume of deposits at the foot of the slope is an important indicator of slope stability in gravity-based geological disasters such as collapse or rockfall.…”

Section: Field Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the development of society in recent years, humans have faced many natural disasters in their living environments, among which geological disasters are common. Geological disasters in basalt platforms have been frequent [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] under the combined action of control and inducing factors, so it is particularly necessary to study these characteristic areas. However, the analysis of slope stability has been a challenge for researchers and engineers beginning with Hooke [8] in the 17th century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the Stability of a High and Steep Highway Slope in a Basalt Area Based on Iron Staining Anomalies

et al. 2023

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In recent years, geological disasters have frequently occurred on basarlt highway slopes. Studying the stability of highway slopes in this type of area is of great significance for traffic safety. However, due to the high cost and low efficiency of traditional monitoring and experimental methods for slope engineering, these methods are not conducive to the quick and comprehensive identification of regional slope stability. Due to the high iron content of basalt, iron staining anomalies in the ore prospecting field are reinterpreted from an engineering perspective in this study. Taking the S3K section of a highway in Changbai County, China, as an example, Landsat8 remote sensing (RS) images from 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2021 are selected, and principal component analysis is used to extract iron staining anomalies in the region. Combined with field investigation and evidence collection, the corresponding rock mass fragmentation is distinguished via iron staining anomalies. Then, according to previous research results, eight indexes including annual rainfall, slope, topographic relief, surface roughness, vegetation index, leaf area index (LAI), root depth of vegetation, and human activity intensity are selected for investigation. The artificial neural network–cellular automata (ANN-CA) model is established, and the rock fragmentation classification data obtained based on iron staining anomalies are used to simulate the area. Next, the calculation formula of slope stability is determined based on the simulation results, and the stability of a high and steep slope in the area is calculated and analyzed. Finally, a comparison with an actual field investigation shows that the effect of the proposed method is good. The research findings reveal that it is feasible to judge the stability of a high and steep slope in a basalt area via the use of iron staining anomalies as an indicator. The findings are tantamount to expanding the application scope of RS in practical engineering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Implementation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the Stability of a High and Steep Highway Slope in a Basalt Area Based on Iron Staining Anomalies

et al. 2023

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Analysis of Debris Flow Reduction Effect of Check Dam Types considering the Mountain Stream Shape: A Case Study of 2016 Debris Flow Hazard in Ulleung‐do Island, South Korea

Kim

2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Ulleung-do is a volcanic island located 130 km east of the Gangwon-do province of South Korea. It is characterized by steep slopes covered with effusive rocks released from multiple volcanic activities. Having accumulated deep colluvium, Ulleung-do Island manifests a high vulnerability to landslides frequently caused by heavy rains or typhoons, debris flow, rockfall, and other disaster hazards in mountainous areas. Therefore, facilities and residential areas located in the lower areas of the island sustain widespread damage. Hence, the installation of check dams designed to reflect the area’s local conditions is required to avoid further damage. In line with that, this study analyzes the disaster cases in Ulleung-do’s mountain areas and the effect of check dams in debris flow reduction for each type using the KANAKO-2D model. At observation point 1, the result shows that the maximum rate of debris flow is reduced by 48.5% with an open-type check dam installed and 62.9% with a closed-type check dam installed from the level without a check dam. For observation point 2, the maximum flow depth decreases by 49.7% with an open-type check dam and 77.4% with a closed-type check dam. Thus, this study suggests that the simple installation of check dams in a mountain stream that has experienced debris flow effectively mitigates damage brought by various disasters.

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Cause of Rockfall at Natural Monument Pohang Daljeon-ri Columnar Joint

Kim

Kong

2022

Econ. Environ. Geol.

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Monthly monitoring, 3D scan survey, and electrical resistivity survey were conducted from January 2018 to August 2022 to identify the cause of rockfall occurring in Daljeon-ri Columnar Joint (Natural Monument No. 415), Pohang. A total of 3,231 rocks fell from the columnar joint over the past 5 years, and 1,521 (47%) of the falling rocks were below 20 cm in length, 978 (30.3%) of 20-30 cm, and 732 (22.7%) of rocks over 30 cm. While the number of rockfalls by year has decreased since 2018, the frequency of rockfalls bigger than 30 cm tends to increase. Large-scale rockfalls occurred mainly during the thawing season (March-April) and the rainy season (June-July), and the analysis of the relationship between cumulative rainfall and rockfall occurrence showed that cumulative rainfall for 3 to 4 days is also closely related to the occurrence of rockfall. Smectite and illite, which are expansible clay minerals, were observed in XRD analysis of the slope material (filling minerals) in the columnar joint, and the presence of a fault fracture zone was confirmed in the electrical resistivity survey. In addition, the confirmed fault fracture zone and the maximum erosion point analyzed through 3D precision measurement coincided with the main rockfall occurrence point observed by the BTC-6PXD camera. Therefore, the main cause of rockfall at Daljeon-ri columnar joint in Pohang is a combination of internal factors (development of fault fracture zones and joints, weathering of rocks, presence of expansive clay minerals) and external factors (precipitation, rapid thawing phenomenon), resulting in large-scale rockfall. Meanwhile, it was also confirmed that the Pohang-Gyeongju earthquake, which was continuously raised, was not the main cause.

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Analysis of Magnitude and Behavior of Rockfall for Volcanic Rocks in Ulleung-Do

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Determination of the Stability of a High and Steep Highway Slope in a Basalt Area Based on Iron Staining Anomalies

Determination of the Stability of a High and Steep Highway Slope in a Basalt Area Based on Iron Staining Anomalies

Analysis of Debris Flow Reduction Effect of Check Dam Types considering the Mountain Stream Shape: A Case Study of 2016 Debris Flow Hazard in Ulleung‐do Island, South Korea

Cause of Rockfall at Natural Monument Pohang Daljeon-ri Columnar Joint

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