Analysis of Low Cost Communication Technologies for V2I Applications

Abstract

The automated and connected vehicle will be a great technology development and it will change mobility habits. The two main positive effects of its integration are the improvement of road safety and the reduction of pollutant emissions of the vehicles. But first, the technology must be available. With the arrival of 5G (Fifth Generation), it will be a reality. However, the 5G could have some operation failures which could isolate the vehicle from the rest of the infrastructure. So, a solution is required which can improve communication reliability such that, if the 5G would fail, the short/middle range technology integrated will lead the vehicle with V2I communication. This integration would provide a reliable and strong solution. In this work, an analysis of different available communication technologies was carried out with a short/middle range, the selection criteria being lower cost and easy integration with 5G. To contrast the technologies, a validation methodology was developed, which enabled us to evaluate the performance ofV2I applications. We observed a comparatively higher performance of the module nRF24L01+ for V2I communication.

The Future of Autonomous Vehicles in the Opinion of Automotive Market Users

“…It is anticipated that the wide-scale application of V2X technology can greatly improve transport safety and particularly significantly reduce vehicle collisions, especially in light vehicle accidents, by improving situational awareness. There are two types of V2X communication technology depending on the underlying technology being used: WLAN-based and cellular-based (C-V2X) technologies based on LTE [9][10][11][12][13]. Technology based on Wi-Fi is based on the standard IEEE802.11p for vehicular communication.…”

“…Technology based on Wi-Fi is based on the standard IEEE802.11p for vehicular communication. It is also known as ITS-G5-Wireless short range to Intelligent Transport System, or DSRC-Dedicated Short-Range Communications (American or European protocol, respectively) [12]. C-V2X uses 3GPP-The Third Generation Partnership Project, 4G-The fourth generation, LTE-long-term evolution, or 5G-the fifth generation new radio (NR) connectivity to transmit and receive signals [13].…”

“…The second mode is cellular network communications, in which C-V2X employs the mobile telephony network to enable vehicles to receive information about road and traffic conditions in the area. It uses LTE-Uu interface for communication, particularly for V2N [12,13]. The latest car communication is designed to allow continuous, reliable and fast interaction between moving vehicles.…”

Network Performance Test and Analysis of LTE-V2X in Industrial Park Scenario

“…The edge equipment included RSU and MEC-based device. The RSU received messages from the V2X platform or edge device and multicast to the terminal device in the area through the PC5 interface [23][24][25]. Moreover, RSU could collect the message from OSU to the upper layer through the PC5 or Uu interface.…”

How Accurate Can UWB and Dead Reckoning Positioning Systems Be? Comparison to SLAM Using the RPLidar System

“…Information about, e.g., traffic, regulations, and speed limits, can be obtained from the UWB infrastructure, which allows to send additional data in a datagram. Communication between vehicles [ 18 , 19 ] is also possible, but it has to be secure. In particular, information about the vehicle’s current and expected maneuvers and the speed of the vehicle can be useful to avoid collisions.…”