Analysis of Leucocyte Subsets in the Canine Intestine

German, Alexander J.; Hall, Edward J; Day, M. J.

doi:10.1053/jcpa.1998.0262

Cited by 92 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The diffuse epithelial and connective tissue of the gut contains large numbers of leucocytes in adult pigs [25], cattle [17], sheep [40], dogs [20], cats [55] and chicken [54], and it has been estimated that as many as 7% of all leucocytes are found in this site [11]. In mammals, at least three diffuse immunological compartments can be identified within the mucosa.…”

Section: Diffuse Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The postnatal development of the mucosal immune system and mucosal tolerance in domestic animals

Bailey

Haverson²

2006

Vet. Res.

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-The mucosal immune system is exposed to a range of antigens associated with pathogens, to which it must mount active immune responses. However, it is also exposed to a large number of harmless antigens associated with food and with commensal microbial flora, to which expression of active, inflammatory immune responses to these antigens is undesirable. The mucosal immune system must contain machinery capable of evaluating the antigens to which it is exposed and mounting appropriate effector or regulatory responses. Since the immune system is likely to have evolved initially in mucosal tissues, the requirement to prevent damaging allergic responses must be at least as old as the adaptive immune system, and studies of the mechanisms should include a range of non-mammalian species. Despite the importance for rational design of vaccines and for control of allergic reactions, the mechanisms involved are still largely unclear. It is not clear that the classical experimental protocol of "oral tolerance" is, in fact, measuring a biologically important phenomenon, nor is it clear whether tolerance is regulated in the evolutionarily recent organised lymphoid tissue (the lymph nodes) or the more ancient, diffuse architecture in the intestine. The capacity of the immune system to discriminate between "dangerous" and "harmless" antigens appears to develop with age and exposure to microbial flora. Thus, the ability of an individual or a group of animals to correctly regulate mucosal immune responses will depend on age, genetics and on their microbial environment and history. Attempts to manipulate the mucosal immune system towards active immune responses by oral vaccines, or towards oral tolerance, are likely to be confounded by environmentally-induced variability between individuals and between groups of animals.

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Section: Diffuse Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The postnatal development of the mucosal immune system and mucosal tolerance in domestic animals

Bailey

Haverson²

2006

Vet. Res.

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“…A limited number of previous studies have investigated the distribution and quantification of IEL in the canine intestine. Most of these were descriptive studies using immunohistochemistry and did not include the simultaneous analysis of multiple lymphocyte markers [5][6][7][8]14]. In addition, intestinal tissue samples used in previous studies were collected from a variety of different breeds, which may have lead to a high inter-sample variability due to breed-related differences in the composition of IEL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotyping, functional characterization, and developmental changes in canine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes

et al. 2009

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-Little is currently known about the lymphocyte populations in the normal and diseased canine gut. The aim of this study was thus the phenotypical and functional characterization of canine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). IEL were isolated from full-thickness biopsies of 15 adult Swiss Beagle dogs (mean age 8.2 ± 2.8 years) and compared to mesenteric lymph node cells. The phenotypical characterization by multi-parameter flow cytometry revealed that canine IEL differ substantially from lymph node T cells, and consist of various unconventional lymphocyte subsets, unique to mucosal surfaces. These include cd T cells, and CD4 À CD8 À and CD8aa + T cells. IEL populations in adult dogs were also compared to those isolated from neonatal Beagle dogs. Analysis revealed a high frequency of undifferentiated CD4 À CD8 À T cells in newborn dogs whereas mature CD4 + and CD8 + T cells predominate in adult dogs, indicating maturation of the intestinal immune system during development. As IEL in other species are thought to exhibit regulatory functions, we investigated the role of IEL on the activation-induced proliferation of lymph node T cells. While IEL alone did not show activation-induced proliferation, they significantly inhibited the proliferation of activated lymph node T cells in a cell number-dependent manner. These findings are the first to demonstrate that canine intestinal IEL have an immunoregulatory phenotype, which may contribute to the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis and may, therefore, be lost in canine chronic enteropathies.dog / intestine / intraepithelial lymphocyte

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“…Eosinophils are present in the healthy human and canine intestine in variable number 14, 16, 17. Abnormal accumulation of eosinophils in the intestine in the absence of other underlying causes (eg, parasitic infections) is a characteristic feature of EGID, including IBD 4, 19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, H&E staining can only detect intact but not degranulated, eosinophils, and therefore may underrepresent the extent of eosinophilic infiltration 15. Although eosinophils are present in the normal small intestinal mucosa, the distinction between the upper limit of normal and abnormally increased tissue eosinophils is not clearly defined using H&E staining 14, 16, 17. Using jejunal tissue collected at necropsy examination from dogs with IBD, we previously have demonstrated that IHC using a mAb specific for the eosinophil granule protein Epx allows reliable morphological identification of degranulated as well as intact eosinophils and could serve as a tool for quantitative evaluation of eosinophils in the small intestine 15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of eosinophils in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease of dogs

Baştan

Seelig

Day

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundAccurate identification of eosinophils in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of dogs with eosinophilic GI disease (EGID) by histological evaluation is challenging. The currently used hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining method detects intact eosinophils but does not detect degranulated eosinophils, thus potentially underrepresenting the number of infiltrating eosinophils.ObjectiveTo develop a more sensitive method for identifying and quantifying both intact and degranulated eosinophils to diagnose EGID more accurately.MethodsEndoscopically obtained paraffin‐embedded intestinal biopsy specimens from dogs with GI signs were examined. The study groups were dogs with eosinophilic enteritis (EE), lymphoplasmacytic and mixed enteritis, and control dogs with GI signs but no histologic changes on tissue sections. Consecutive sections were immunolabeled with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the eosinophil granule protein eosinophil peroxidase (Epx) and stained by H&E, respectively. The number of eosinophils was manually quantified and classified as intact or degranulated.ResultsThe number of intact eosinophils detected in Epx mAb‐labeled duodenal sections was significantly higher compared with that in H&E‐stained sections, with a similar relationship noted in the colon and stomach. The Epx mAb allowed the unique assessment of eosinophil degranulation. The number of intact and degranulated eosinophils was significantly higher in duodenal lamina propria of the EE and mixed group compared to the control group.ConclusionImmunohistochemical detection of Epx provides a more precise method to detect GI tract eosinophils compared to H&E staining and could be used as an alternative and reliable diagnostic tool for assessment of biopsy tissues from dogs with EGID.

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Analysis of Leucocyte Subsets in the Canine Intestine

Cited by 92 publications

References 20 publications

The postnatal development of the mucosal immune system and mucosal tolerance in domestic animals

The postnatal development of the mucosal immune system and mucosal tolerance in domestic animals

Phenotyping, functional characterization, and developmental changes in canine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes

Assessment of eosinophils in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease of dogs

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