Analysis of kinematic parameters of Internal Solitary Waves in the Northern South China Sea

Liao, Guanghong; Xu, Xiaoqun; Liang, Chao; Dong, Changming; Zhou, Beifeng; Ding, Tao; Huang, Weigen; Xu, Dongfeng

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.10.002

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In an effort to better understand ECS NLIWs, our objective is to characterize them using the well‐established theories (speed and width of KdV‐type NLIWs) under time‐varying background stratifications (thus kinematic parameters), as employed for the SCS [ Liao et al ., ]. The mode‐1 NLIWs in the northeastern ECS (Figure ) are investigated using historical hydrographic data collected over 50 years from 1962 to 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of speed and width from kinematic parameters of mode‐1 nonlinear internal waves in the northeastern East China Sea

2016

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To better understand the statistical and theoretical characteristics of nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) in the broad continental shelf of the northeastern East China Sea (ECS), historical hydrographic data collected over 50 years between 1962 and 2011 are analyzed to calculate monthly climatology. Based on KdV and extended KdV models under the two‐layer approximation (i.e., mode‐1 NLIWs), the monthly climatology for propagating speed and characteristic width is constructed, ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 m s−1 and from O(102) to O(103) m, respectively. The result is consistent with a few previous in situ observations in the region. When NLIWs originating in the southeastern slope area approach the shallower regime (northwestward propagation), they propagate more slowly with neither break nor extinction, but with a shorter width, since both the Iribarren and Ostrovsky numbers are small (Ir ≪ 0.45 and Os ≪ 1, respectively). Limitations of the two‐layered KdV‐type models are discussed (e.g., an importance of mode‐2 waves) in the context of occasional extension of the low‐salinity Changjiang Discharged Water onto the area, which implies distinct effects on the kinematic parameters of NLIWs in the ECS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of speed and width from kinematic parameters of mode‐1 nonlinear internal waves in the northeastern East China Sea

2016

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“…These maps depict the values of phase speed of long waves (also called wave speed because for long waves it is also equal to group speed) and coefficients of various terms (linear, quadratic and cubic terms) in the relevant Gardner equation (Pelinovsky et al, 1995;Talipova and Polukhin, 2001;Polukhin et al, 2003Polukhin et al, , 2004Kurkina et al, 2011Kurkina et al, , 2017. Similar maps have also been calculated for the South China Sea Liao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…To construct spatial maps of these parameters, we followed the approach implemented for the calculation of similar parameters of internal waves of the first mode and the coefficients of Gardner's equation for this basin Liao et al, 2014). We employed generalised climatologic information about long-term mean temperature and salinity profiles.…”

Section: Vertical Structure Of Long Internal Waves Of the Second Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic parameters of internal waves of the second mode in the South China Sea

Kurkina

Talipova

Soomere

et al. 2017

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Abstract. Spatial distributions of the main properties of the mode function and kinematic and non-linear parameters of internal waves of the second mode are derived for the South China Sea for typical summer conditions in July. The calculations are based on the Generalized Digital Environmental Model (GDEM) climatology of hydrological variables, from which the local stratification is evaluated. The focus is on the phase speed of long internal waves and the coefficients at the dispersive, quadratic and cubic terms of the weakly nonlinear Gardner model. Spatial distributions of these parameters, except for the coefficient at the cubic term, are qualitatively similar for waves of both modes. The dispersive term of Gardner's equation and phase speed for internal waves of the second mode are about a quarter and half, respectively, of those for waves of the first mode. Similarly to the waves of the first mode, the coefficients at the quadratic and cubic terms of Gardner's equation are practically independent of water depth. In contrast to the waves of the first mode, for waves of the second mode the quadratic term is mostly negative. The results can serve as a basis for expressing estimates of the expected parameters of internal waves for the South China Sea.

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“…The polarity conversion of mode-1 ISW in the northern SCS can be well demonstrated by adopting the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV)-type equations (Cai et al, 2002;Liu et al, 1998;Orr & Mignerey, 2003). A hindcast numerical simulation by Shen et al (2009) reproduced the nonlinear transformation of ISWs from symmetrical to severely deformed waveform as observed, and they showed that the APE might begin to exceed the KE at the depth around 250-350 m. The recent theoretical and/or numerical simulations (e.g., Grimshaw et al, 2014;Lamb & Warn-Varnas, 2015;Liao et al, 2014;Xie, He, et al, 2015;Xie et al, 2016) further show that the shoaling dynamics of mode-1 ISWs in the northern SCS are quite sensitive to the topography, rotation, background stratification and current, initial water depth, and so forth. For instance, due to the combined effect of rotation and topography, Grimshaw et al (2014) show the formation of secondary trailing ISW packet associated with the radiated inertia-gravity waves from the leading mode-1 ISW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Bumpy Topographic Effects on the Transbasin Evolution of Large‐Amplitude Internal Solitary Wave in the Northern South China Sea

Xie

Cai

2019

JGR Oceans

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The bumpy continental slope/shelf topography is a quite common feature in the northern South China Sea (SCS), yet its effect on the shoaling internal solitary waves (ISWs) remains poorly understood. Therefore, numerical simulations by a fully nonlinear, nonhydrostatic model are carried out to explore the bumpy continental slope/shelf topographic effects on the transbasin evolution of large‐amplitude ISW in the northern SCS. It is found that the prominent bumps over both continental slope and shelf regions play significant roles in modulating the evolution of transbasin ISW in the northern SCS. The bump over the continental slope is capable of triggering a solitary‐like mode‐2 internal wave packet, while the bump over the continental shelf can result in three wave groups, including a leading group of rank‐ordered mode‐1 ISW packet and two following groups of non‐rank‐ordered mode‐1 ISW packet and mode‐2 internal waves. The bumps can cause a peak‐to‐peak difference of the energy decay rate of ISW up to 10–20 kW/m over continental slope region and 3–5 kW/m over continental shelf region. The wave kinetic energy (KE) is found to exceed the available potential energy (APE) by as much as 50% over the continental shelf break region. Over the shelf region, however, the bumps can first make the KE drop to as low as only 80% of the APE, but later the KE might bounce back to approximately 1.1–1.2 times of the APE. Both onshore‐ and offshore‐propagating beam‐like disturbances are found to be excited by the bumps. Except for the onshore‐propagating mode‐2 ISW packet, the reflected offshore‐propagating waves in different internal modes are also formed. These onshore‐ and offshore‐propagating multimodal internal waves can be clarified by the beam scattering and local generation mechanism.

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Analysis of kinematic parameters of Internal Solitary Waves in the Northern South China Sea

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Seasonal variation of speed and width from kinematic parameters of mode‐1 nonlinear internal waves in the northeastern East China Sea

Seasonal variation of speed and width from kinematic parameters of mode‐1 nonlinear internal waves in the northeastern East China Sea

Kinematic parameters of internal waves of the second mode in the South China Sea

Bumpy Topographic Effects on the Transbasin Evolution of Large‐Amplitude Internal Solitary Wave in the Northern South China Sea

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