Analysis of Ketorolac in Postmortem Blood

Logan, Barry K.; Friel, Patrick N.; Peterson, Kristina L.; Predmore, D. B.

doi:10.1093/jat/19.2.61

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…12 KT has been determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using diazopropane. 13 Studies in human serum have been performed. [14][15][16][17] However, these methods require tedious sample preparation and time-consuming experimental procedures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Ketorolac Tromethamine at Polypyrrole Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

et al. 2007

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Ketorolac tromethamine, KT ((k)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H pyrrolizine-l-carboxylic acid), is a member of the pyrrolopyrrole group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 1 with cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. 2 KT is a non-opioid analgesic which exists in three crystalline forms that are soluble in water. KT, when administered systemically, has demonstrated analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activity.3 KT is used for acute and short-term relief of pain. It increases the plasma levels of salicylates due to a decrease in plasma protein binding. The most frequent adverse events reported with the use of KT are transient stinging and burning on instillation. These events were reported for up to 40% of patients who were administered the drug in clinical trials. Other adverse events occurring approximately 1 to 10% of the time during treatment with KT included allergic reactions, corneal edema, iritis, ocular inflammation, ocular irritation, superficial keratitis and superficial ocular infections. Hence, a highly selective and accurate analytical method for measuring KT is desired, probably for optimizing its therapy and minimizing its side effects.For electrochemical detection and estimation, conducting polymers have recently been used as modifying substrates, because they can act as an electronic transducer for charged species binding to their surface. Biochemical units can also be covalently grafted to the polymer backbone, and subsequently used for detection. Polypyrrole (Ppy), modified onto platinum substrates was used to reduce the interference signal caused by ascorbic and uric acids on an ammonia amperometric sensor in aqueous solutions. 4 A platinum electrode modified by an electrogenerated overoxidized Ppy was used as a substrate for biosensor application. 5Miniaturized and disposable amperometric biosensors were developed for glucose determination in serum. A simple and label-free electrochemical sensor for the recognition of DNA hybridization was reported based on a functionalized conducting copolymer, poly [pyrrole-co-4-(3-pyrrolyl)butanoic acid]. 6 Several analytical techniques were developed for the determination of KT from the bulk drug, which included nonaqueous titration, thin-layer chromatography, UV spectrophotometry, 7,8 and high-performance liquid chromatography methods, 9 electrochromatography, 10 reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 11 and flow-injection analysis.12 KT has been determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using diazopropane. 13Studies in human serum have been performed. [14][15][16][17] However, these methods require tedious sample preparation and time-consuming experimental procedures. A simple and sensitive method is therefore needed for the fast, accurate detection and estimation of KT.In this work, an electro-analytical approach was developed for the detection and determination of KT by square-wave stripping voltammetry using a Ppy modified glassy carbon (GC/Ppy) electrode in an acetate buffer (pH 5.5). The method was also tested for t...

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Ketorolac Tromethamine at Polypyrrole Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

et al. 2007

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“…Therefore a single, rapid, reliable method with high precision is immense necessitated for simultaneous estimation of ketorolac tromethamine and tiemonium methylsulphate. Spectrophotometer is available in all laboratories and chromatographic methods (HPLC and GC) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] analysis require more expenses. Hence spectrophotometric method will be universal one especially for the countries like us where there is scarcity of budgets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mathematical expression for tiemonium methylsulphate in its simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation with ketorolac tromethamine

2018

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Attempt has been made to develop a new, accurate, precise and economic spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of ketorolactromethamine (KTR) and tiemoniummethylsulphate (TMS) in pharmaceutical formulation and bio-samples.It is noted that KTR shows two absorption peaks at 320 and 245 nm whereas TMS shows maximum absorption at 235 nm. In a mixture solution, peaks at 245 nm for KTR and at 235 nm for TMS are merged into a single peak at 240 nm. Hence KTR might be determined using its calibration equation constructed at 320 nm but the determination of TMS alone in their mixture measuring its absorption at 240 nm is difficult. Therefore, for the determination of TMS, a mathematical expression xT = k1.yK+T -k2.yK + k3 (y = Absorbance, x = Concentration) has been derived. This expression will give its concentration in mixture without having its absorption at 240 nm. Method has been applied to pharmaceutical and bio-samples successfully. Results have been compared to that estimated by new UPLC method developed as to validate this spectrophotometric method. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.25, 0.80 μg/mL for KTR and 0.31, 0.95 μg/mL for TMS, respectively.

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“…Though several chromatographic methods have been developed for the determination of KTR by means of HPLC/UV [2,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] or HPLC-MS [16]; some of these methods have a limit of quantification (LOQ) that is too high, some require length analysis times or long time for treatment sample. However, GC-MS [17] or LC-MS/MS [16] is a promising tool for analysis of drugs but suffers from a major limitation of involvement of tedious, time consuming and expensive instrumentation. There has been much emphasis recently, on reducing analysis time and solvent consumption in HPLC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Ketorolactromithamine in Phamaceutical Samples and Biofluids by The New Validated UPLC Method

Uddin

Kabir

et al. 2017

J. Pure App. Chem. Res.

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A new UPLC method has been described to determine ketorolac tromethamine in pharmaceutical samples and biofluids. Drug was eluted using a reversed-phase Gemini 3U, C18, 110R (150 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column when a mobile phase composition 90:05:05 (v/v) consisting CH 3 OH, CH 3 CN and NaH 2 PO 4 under isocratic program. Ketorolac tromethamine was eluted at a short of time 2.02 min. Ketorolac tromethamine isolated from biofluids after liquid-phase extraction. The results were linear up to 10 µg mL -1 with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The sensitivity limits, LOD and LOQ were 0.016 and 0.051 µg mL -1 , respectively. The method is simple, fast and reliable with good specificity and sensitivity and will be suitable for routine analysis of ketorolac tromethamine.

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Analysis of Ketorolac in Postmortem Blood

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Ketorolac Tromethamine at Polypyrrole Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Ketorolac Tromethamine at Polypyrrole Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A mathematical expression for tiemonium methylsulphate in its simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation with ketorolac tromethamine

Estimation of Ketorolactromithamine in Phamaceutical Samples and Biofluids by The New Validated UPLC Method

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