Analysis of Isothiazolinones and Other Preservatives in Gel-Products Used for Cooling in Japan

Kawakami, Tsuyoshi; Isama, Kazuo; Nishimura, Takuya

doi:10.5985/jec.22.205

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Methods based on LC or HPLC coupled to different detectors are the most used for the analysis of isothiazolinone biocides. The identification is carried out using several detectors, such as diode array (DAD) [89,99,102,108], simple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) [87,94], and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) [85,88,90,91,93,95,101,104,106,107]. In general, MS/MS detector allows high sensitivity and selectivity, reducing the matrix interferences and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio.…”

Section: Analysis and Determination Of Isothiazolinone Biocidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles

et al. 2020

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The importance of isothiazole and of compounds containing the isothiazole nucleus has been growing over the last few years. Isothiazolinones are used in cosmetic and as chemical additives for occupational and industrial usage due to their bacteriostatic and fungiostatic activity. Despite their effectiveness as biocides, isothiazolinones are strong sensitizers, producing skin irritations and allergies and may pose ecotoxicological hazards. Therefore, their use is restricted by EU legislation. Considering the relevance and importance of isothiazolinone biocides, the present review describes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding their synthesis, antibacterial components, toxicity (including structure–activity–toxicity relationships) outlines, and (photo)chemical stability. Due to the increasing prevalence and impact of isothiazolinones in consumer’s health, analytical methods for the identification and determination of this type of biocides were also discussed.

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Section: Analysis and Determination Of Isothiazolinone Biocidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles

et al. 2020

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“…Isothiazolinone preservatives were implicated in the cases of contact dermatitis. Therefore, we investigated several preservatives in the gel-products [3] and PVA cooling towels [4] in Japanese markets in 2010 (gel-products) and from 2011 to 2012 (PVA cooling towels). These studies were confirmed the use of isothiazolinone preservatives including 2-methyl-4-isothiazlin-3-one (MI), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMI), and 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (OIT) and their concentrations in the gel-products and PVA cooling towels by liquid chromatography/tandem massspectrometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of 19 preservatives in Polyvinyl Alcohol Cooling Towels Used in Japan by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photo Diode Array Detector

Kawakami¹,

Isama²,

Ikarashi³

2014

J Environ Anal Chem

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The cases of contact dermatitis due to using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) towel containing isothiazolinone preservatives have been reported in Japan and we had investigated the concentrations of isothiazolinones and the removal of these preservatives from PVA towels by washing before initial use in the previous study conducted from 2011 to 2012. However, the clinical information regarding contact dermatitis due to using PVA cooling towels containing other preservatives was provided from the supplier of PVA towel in the summer of 2013. Thus, we analyzed 19 preservatives in 21 PVA towels by high performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detector in this study. A good separation of these preservatives was observed using InertSustain ® Phenyl column and 0.1 % formic acid solution as the mobile phase. 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one were detected in 16 samples, including the sample which was sold in a dry condition; the concentrations of these substances ranged from 7.9-84 μg/g-wet and 9.5-173 μg/g-wet, respectively (2.9 μg/g-dry and 9.3 μg/g-dry, respectively). 2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one was detected in one sample (484 μg/g-wet). 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (BP) was detected in 15 samples, including the sample which was sold in a dry condition; its concentration ranged from 68-2303 μg/g-wet (160 μg/g-dry). 2-Phenoxyethanol (PE) and benzoic acid (BA) were detected in 3 and 2 samples, and their concentrations ranged from 99-3171 μg/g-wet and 1896-23043 μg/g-wet. Other preservatives were not detected. Although isothiazolinone preservatives were detected in 17 samples, the product notes of 10 products, including the product with clinical information, did not describe about the use of isothiazolinone preservatives. Since PVA cooling towels in contact with human skin for a long time, the PVA cooling towels should be used with caution, especially on patients who are already sensitive to isothiazolinone preservatives. Furthermore, we evaluated the effectiveness of the washing process on the removal of BP, PE, and BA from the PVA towels before their initial use. The results of this laboratory-simulated washing procedure suggest that contact dermatitis is likely not related to the presence of BP, PE, and BA in washed PVA towels.

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“…As a result, a voluntary recall of gel-products was issued by the supplier 5) and information about the use of PVA cooling towel was provided by the National Consumer Affair Center of Japan 4) . Therefore, we have studied the concentration levels of several isothiazolinone preservatives in gel-products 6) and PVA cooling towels 7,8) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is necessar y to grasp the actual concentration levels of isothiazolinone preservatives in these products. However, only a few studies have been conducted on isothiazolinone preservatives in household products, such as our previous studies on cooling products [6][7][8] and household non-formalin adhesives for wallpaper 10) in Japan. Thus, to prevent the occurrence of allergic contact dermatitis, a survey of isothiazolinone preservatives in household products to which consumers can be exposed is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Isothiazolinones and Other Preservatives in Household Wet Tissue Products in Japan

2015

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Summar yRecently, many cases of contact dermatitis due to isothiazolinone preservatives in several types of household products used for cooling the body have been reported. As a result, the concentrations of isothiazolinone preservatives in these products were investigated. However, concentrations of isothiazolinone preservatives in other types of household products have not been studied adequately. In this study, 19 preservatives (including isothiazolinones) in 32 wet tissue products were investigated because these products come in direct contact with the skin. 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MI), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMI), and benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) were detected in 19 samples (0.46-48 µg/g-wet), 17 samples (trace amount [tr.]-52 µg/g-wet), and one sample (67 µg/g-wet), respectively. Five types of parabens were detected in 21 samples (tr.-834 µg/g-wet). 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol), 3-iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate (IPBC), and phenoxyethanol were detected in 12 samples (4.7-254 µg/g-wet), 11 samples (tr.-62 µg/g-wet), and 4 samples (65-1159 µg/g-wet), respectively. The concentration levels of isothiazolinone preservatives detected in this study perhaps induce allergic contact dermatitis in patients who are already sensitive to these preservatives. However, only 3 products described the use of isothiazolinone preservatives and a cautionary note about the possibility of contact dermatitis due to isothiazolinone preservatives was not provided. We also found that preservatives detected in the samples were different from those indicated on the product (in some cases, name of preservatives were not indicated at all). The use of such products may expose consumers to the risk of contact dermatitis; moreover, when contact dermatitis occurs, the identification of the substance that causes it may be delayed. Therefore, it is desirable that manufacturers provide information about the components of wet tissue products on the product labels.

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Analysis of Isothiazolinones and Other Preservatives in Gel-Products Used for Cooling in Japan

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles

Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity Profiles

Analysis of 19 preservatives in Polyvinyl Alcohol Cooling Towels Used in Japan by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photo Diode Array Detector

Survey of Isothiazolinones and Other Preservatives in Household Wet Tissue Products in Japan

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