Analysis of Iranian postage stamps belonging to the Qajar dynasty (18th–20th century's) by micro‐PIXE

Oliaiy, P.; Agha-Aligol, Davoud; Shokouhi, F.

doi:10.1002/xrs.1202

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…More recently, a group of Iranian scientists (Oliaiy et al, 2009) used (in conjunction with other techniques) a PIXE microprobe (which uses a micrometer-scale proton beam) scanned over a square with dimensions of 2.5 mm on each side to analyze various areas of ink and paper on eighteen Iranian stamps issued between 1881 and 1915 and printed in Austria, France, the Netherlands, and Iran. The micro-PIXE was able to indicate the characteristic elements used for inks of different colors, as well as differences in the formulas for philatelic inks of the same colors utilized in different countries.…”

Section: Philatelic Applications Of Pixementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The micro-PIXE was able to indicate the characteristic elements used for inks of different colors, as well as differences in the formulas for philatelic inks of the same colors utilized in different countries. Oliaiy et al (2009) showed a titanium compound had been added to the paper used in the Austrian-printed stamps-iron and sulfur contents of green ink were different between the Austrian-printed and French-printed stamps. There were differences in chromium and lead levels in orange inks of the Iranian-printed and Netherlands-printed examples, as well as other differences in brown, black, grey, violet, and silver inks of stamps printed in different countries, suggesting (from lack of detected metal in some colors) that certain inks were organic in nature.…”

Section: Philatelic Applications Of Pixementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potentially subtle variations in ink and/or paper of stamps with otherwise identical designs may affect their value and desirability to philatelists and investors or reveal them to be forgeries or reprints. Because of its ability to nondestructively reveal elemental compositions, proton-induced X-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE) has long been an applicable technique for analysis of a variety of historical inks and papers (Cahill et al, 1981;Johanson, 1989;Demortier, 1991;Hassanzadeh et al, 1999) and has been used for analysis of postage stamps from the technique's early days to the present (e.g., Cahill et al, 1981;Malmqvist, 1986;Almquist, 1985Almquist, , 1986Almquist, , 1988Johanson et al, 1986;Hall and Lee, 1990;Johanson, 1992;Cheng et al, 1996Cheng et al, , 1998Pillay, 2000;Oliaiy et al, 2009;Voltr and Nejedly, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately

Lera¹,

Barwis²,

Herendeen³

2013

Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology

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Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o h i s t o r y a n d t e c h n o l o g y • n u m b e r 5 7Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world.Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affiliation with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. General requirements for manuscript preparation are on the inside back cover of printed volumes. For detailed submissions requirements and to review the "Manuscript Preparation and Style Guide for Authors," visit the Submissions page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu. s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s to h i s to ry a n d t e c h n o l o g y • n u m b e r 5 7Proceedings Readers will find insights to research methods used across the entire spectrum of philatelic interests, from composition and physical characteristics of paper, to the chemistry and mineralogy of printing ink, to determining the genuineness of stamps, overprints, and the uses of adhesives on cover. Some of these projects were funded in part by the Institute for Analytical Philately and the National Postal Museum. The rights to text and images in this publication, including cover and interior designs, are owned either by the Smithsonian Institution, by contributing authors, or by third parties. Fair use of materials is permitted for personal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. Users must cite author and source of content, must not alter or modify copyrighted content, and must comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable. Users are responsible for securing permission from a rights holder for any other use.

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Section: Philatelic Applications Of Pixementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Philatelic Applications Of Pixementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately

Lera¹,

Barwis²,

Herendeen³

2013

Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology

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“…4,5 Iranian postage stamps were also analyzed by micro-particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) to determine the elemental composition of different papers and inks, which could discriminate between stamps printed in the Netherlands, Austria, France and Iran. 6 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of postage stamps were also used to develop a database providing a time mapping of the materials employed over 150 years of postage stamps production in Italy and to screen for counterfeit stamps. 7 Cesareo and Brunetti 8 also demonstrated the applicability of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) to analyze the inorganic content of postage stamps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Profile of Some Brazilian Postage Stamps

Schwab

Da-Col

Meyer³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis has been performed on Brazilian postage stamps to understand the elementary profile present in the paper, colored and postmarked areas, of stamps printed between 1850 and 1922. The EDXRF technique offered a fast, simple and nondestructive chemical analysis providing a profile of each postage stamp that provide a valuable data, such as information about raw materials employed in manufacturing process. Furthermore, we extend the methodology to detect counterfeit samples, since that some rare samples can cost fortunes, which naturally leads to cases of forgery in philately.

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“…[7] They were analysed, for example, in external beam configuration at atmospheric pressure with cooling of the sample [8] and by micro-PIXE in vacuum. [9] Hall and Lee [10] identified genuine and forged stamps by combined PIXE-PIGE analysis in air. Our goal was to decrease the risk of radiation damage in comparison with in-vacuum PIXE and, simultaneously, to lower the beam dispersion relative to the external beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of proton beam fluence by PIXE analysis of residual gas

Voltr

Nejedlý²

2012

X-Ray Spectrometry

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Knowledge of beam fluence has a crucial role in quantitative particle‐induced X‐ray emission analysis. In some situations, a direct measurement of the beam charge on the target is either impossible or impractical. In such cases, indirect determination of the beam fluence can utilise the characteristic X‐ray of argon or other gases, which was being kept at a stable low partial pressure in the vicinity of the analysed sample. As the X‐ray signal of argon depends on the total charge, it can be used to quantify the charge. This paper describes the experimental design, the hardware and software modules that we created, the validation of the method, the application of the method during elemental analyses of fragile philatelic samples with overprints, and the lessons learned. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Analysis of Iranian postage stamps belonging to the Qajar dynasty (18th–20th century's) by micro‐PIXE

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately

Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Profile of Some Brazilian Postage Stamps

Measurement of proton beam fluence by PIXE analysis of residual gas

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