“…For the ionic liquids, V c (=V M ) ~ 1.410 V w [29]. The value 1.435 for polymers and 1.410 for ionic liquids is close to 2 1/2 , the value corresponds to the minimum energy in Lennard-Jones (or [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] potential (at the position r/=2 1/6 , then the volume ratio is (2 1/6 ) 3 =1.414) [25,29,30]. The v f is the free space averaged to each molecule, it is different from the local free (hole) volume v h , which is the cavity in the real structure that can be seen from the PALS experiment.…”