Analysis of Intestinal Flora Development in Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants by Using Molecular Identification and Detection Methods

Harmsen, Hermie J. M.; Wildeboer-Veloo, A. C. M.; Raangs, Gerwin C.; Wagendorp, Arjen; Klijn, N.; Bindels, Jacques; Welling, Gjalt W.

doi:10.1097/00005176-200001000-00019

Cited by 1,191 publications

(925 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The bacterial cells were then washed and re-suspended twice in sterile PBS and finally stored in 500 ml ethanol/l PBS at −20°C until hybridisation with appropriate molecular probes targeting specific regions of 16S rRNA. The probes used were: EREC 482 [19] for Eubacterium rectaleClostridium coccoides group, Lab158 [20] for lactobacilli and enterococci and Bif164 [21] for Bifidobacterium spp. (Gram-positive bacteria); and Bac303 [22] for BacteroidesPrevotella spp., MIB 661 [23] for Bacteroides mouse intestinal bacteria (MIB), SRB 687 [24] for sulphatereducing bacteria and probe D [25] for Enterobacteriaceae spp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis Recent evidence suggests that a particular gut microbial community may favour occurrence of the metabolic diseases. Recently, we reported that high-fat (HF) feeding was associated with higher endotoxaemia and lower Bifidobacterium species (spp.) caecal content in mice. We therefore tested whether restoration of the quantity of caecal Bifidobacterium spp. could modulate metabolic endotoxaemia, the inflammatory tone and the development of diabetes. Methods Since bifidobacteria have been reported to reduce intestinal endotoxin levels and improve mucosal barrier function, we specifically increased the gut bifidobacterial content of HF-diet-fed mice through the use of a prebiotic (oligofructose [OFS]). Results Compared with normal chow-fed control mice, HF feeding significantly reduced intestinal Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including levels of bifidobacteria, a dominant member of the intestinal microbiota, which is seen as physiologically positive. As expected, HF-OFS-fed mice had totally restored quantities of bifidobacteria. HFfeeding significantly increased endotoxaemia, which was normalised to control levels in HF-OFS-treated mice. Multiple-correlation analyses showed that endotoxaemia significantly and negatively correlated with Bifidobacterium spp., but no relationship was seen between endotoxaemia and any other bacterial group. Finally, in HF-OFS-treated-mice, Bifidobacterium spp. significantly and positively correlated with improved glucose tolerance, glucose-induced insulin secretion and normalised inflammatory tone (decreased endotoxaemia, plasma and adipose tissue proinflammatory cytokines). Conclusions/interpretation Together, these findings suggest that the gut microbiota contribute towards the pathophysiological regulation of endotoxaemia and set the tone of inflammation for occurrence of diabetes and/or obesity. Thus, it would be useful to develop specific strategies for modifying gut microbiota in favour of bifidobacteria to prevent the deleterious effect of HF-diet-induced metabolic diseases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia

et al. 2007

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“…The gut microbiota of preterm infants is less diverse than those of full-term babies (70,73,(82)(83)(84) . There are numerous studies in which the predominance of bifidobacteria in exclusively breast-fed infants has been found (65,66,74,(85)(86)(87)(88) . At age 3-6 weeks, exclusively breast-fed infants harbour higher numbers of bifidobacteria, whereas formula-fed babies have more diverse microbiota, lower numbers of bifidobacteria and higher numbers of Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus group, Clostridium difficile and Coriobacteriaceae (65,71,74,87,89,90) .…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are numerous studies in which the predominance of bifidobacteria in exclusively breast-fed infants has been found (65,66,74,(85)(86)(87)(88) . At age 3-6 weeks, exclusively breast-fed infants harbour higher numbers of bifidobacteria, whereas formula-fed babies have more diverse microbiota, lower numbers of bifidobacteria and higher numbers of Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus group, Clostridium difficile and Coriobacteriaceae (65,71,74,87,89,90) . By the end of the first year of life, when the child has already started to eat the same foods as the adults, the gut microbiota starts to converge towards a profile characteristic of the adult microbiota (76,90) .…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Human gut microbiota: does diet matter?

2014

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The human oro-gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system, consisting of oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus, which all together with the accessory digestive organs constitute the digestive system. The function of the digestive system is to break down dietary constituents into small molecules and then absorb these for subsequent distribution throughout the body. Besides digestion and carbohydrate metabolism, the indigenous microbiota has an important influence on host physiological, nutritional and immunological processes, and commensal bacteria are able to modulate the expression of host genes that regulate diverse and fundamental physiological functions. The main external factors that can affect the composition of the microbial community in generally healthy adults include major dietary changes and antibiotic therapy. Changes in some selected bacterial groups have been observed due to controlled changes to the normal diet e.g. high-protein diet, high-fat diet, prebiotics, probiotics and polyphenols. More specifically, changes in the type and quantity of non-digestible carbohydrates in the human diet influence both the metabolic products formed in the lower regions of the GI tract and the bacterial populations detected in faeces. The interactions between dietary factors, gut microbiota and host metabolism are increasingly demonstrated to be important for maintaining homeostasis and health. Therefore the aim of this review is to summarise the effect of diet, and especially dietary interventions, on the human gut microbiota. Furthermore, the most important confounding factors (methodologies used and intrinsic human factors) in relation to gut microbiota analyses are elucidated.

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“…In breast-fed infants, the intestinal flora is dominated by bifidobacteria, while formula-fed infants have a more diverse flora (Benno et al, 1984;Harmsen et al, 2000). In breast-fed infants, the microflora produces high amounts of acetate and lactate restricting the growth of potential pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens (Wang and Gibson, 1993).…”

Section: Iii1b : Microflora Composition Is Influenced By Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes involved in obesity: Adipocytes, brain and microflora

et al. 2006

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Obesity and obesity-related disorders such as cardiovascular diseases and metabolic abnormalities including hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, insulin-resistance and type 2 diabetes, are among the most pressing problems in the industrialized world (Friedman, 2003;Kannel et al., 1991 (Reitman et al., 2000), demonstrating that normal adipose tissue development and function is critical for metabolic homeostasis.Obesity results from complex interactions between genes and environmental factors such as diet, food components and/or way of life, and can be viewed as an energy storage disorder in which weight gain results from an energy imbalance (i.e. energy input exceeding output), with most of the excess calories stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue (Smith et al., 2006). Therefore a great deal of attention has focused on the mechanisms controlling food intake and adipose mass, and is of considerable importance for public health and clinical medicine.In this review, we prevalently highlight the complex relationships existing between the white adipose tissue, the central nervous system, the endogenous microbiota, and nutrition. Throughout, we emphasize the most recent findings in the field and consider how it shapes the past knowledge and forecasts the future of research on metabolic disorders, such as obesity.

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Analysis of Intestinal Flora Development in Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants by Using Molecular Identification and Detection Methods

Cited by 1,191 publications

References 29 publications

Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia

Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia

Human gut microbiota: does diet matter?

Genes involved in obesity: Adipocytes, brain and microflora

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