Analysis of Induced Gas Releases During Retrieval of Hanford Double-Shell Tank Waste

Wells, Beric E.

doi:10.2172/15010195

Cited by 11 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Its operational storage capacity is 1,160,000 gallons (4,390 m 3 ). The tank contains radioactive waste comprising 591,700 gal (2,240 m 3 ) of supernatant liquid, 48,800 gal (185 m 3 ) of crust, and 487,900 gal (1,850 m 3 ) of saltcake (Wells et al 2002). The supernatant liquid and crust occupy 233 in.…”

Section: Tank Waste and Its Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its viscosity is approximately 4 cP (Herting 1997). The saltcake density is 1,580 kg/m 3 (Wells et al 2002). The saltcake has an average yield strength of approximately 150 Pa (Stewart et al 1996).…”

Section: Tank Waste and Its Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tank currently contains 591,700 gallons (2,240 m 3 ) of supernatant liquid, 48,800 gallons (185 m 3 ) of crust, and 487,900 gallons (1,850 m 3 ) of saltcake radioactive waste (Wells et al 2002). The main aqueous chemical species of the supernatant liquid [Na + , CO 3 2-, SO 4 2-, OH -, NO 3 -, NaNO 3 (aq), NO 2 -, NaNO 2 (aq), Al(OH) 4 -, Cl -, Cr(OH) 4 -, H 2 SiO 4 2-] are in equilibrium condition with solids mainly consisting of NaCO 3 ⋅H 2 O(s), NaSO 4 (s), Cr(OH) 3 (s), and Ca(OH) 3 in saltcake form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrieval and Pipeline Transfer Assessment of Hanford Tank 241-AN-105 Waste

Onishi¹,

Tingey²,

Recknagle³

et al. 2003

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This Tank AN-105 waste retrieval assessment concludes that the AN-105 liquid waste can be retrieved with inline and in-tank dilution. Two 300-hp mixer pumps would erode all AN-105 saltcake and distribute it uniformly throughout the entire tank. The AN-105 slurry waste can also be transferred through a 3-inch (0.07-m) pipeline to Tanks AP-102 and AP-104 under the waste and mixing conditions used in this assessment. v

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Section: Tank Waste and Its Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tank Waste and Its Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrieval and Pipeline Transfer Assessment of Hanford Tank 241-AN-105 Waste

Onishi¹,

Tingey²,

Recknagle³

et al. 2003

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“…BDGREs can also be induced by supernate retrieval or mixer pump operation (Wells et al 2002). However, they exhibit essentially the same behavior (e.g., gob size, gas release volume, time period, etc.)…”

Section: Buoyant Displacement Gas Release Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Technical Basis of the Hydrogen Control Limit for Operations in Hanford Tank Farms

Mahoney¹,

Stewart²

2002

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The radioactive waste in Hanford tanks generates a flammable gas mixture and releases it into the tank headspace. The potential hazard resulting from flammable gas generation requires that controls be established to prevent ignition and halt operations if gas concentrations reach levels of concern. A control limit of 6,250 ppm hydrogen has been in use at Hanford for several years when only hydrogen is monitored. The hydrogen-based control limit is intended to conservatively represent 25% of the lower flammability limit of a gas mixture, accounting for the presence of flammable gases other than hydrogen, with ammonia being the primary concern. This report reviews the technical basis of the current control limit based on observed and projected concentrations of hydrogen and ammonia representing a range of gas release scenarios. The conclusion supports the continued use of the current 6,250-ppm hydrogen control limit.iv v

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“…In some DST wastes, however, specifically those with deep layers of supernatant liquid and sediment (sedimentsettled UDS and interstitial liquid), the generated gas can accumulate in the sediment until a portion of the sediment accumulates gas such that it becomes sufficiently buoyant to overcome its weight and the strength of the surrounding material restraining it. The sufficiently buoyant portion then rises through the supernate, and the resultant expansion of the retained gas yields the retaining material such that a fraction of the retained gas is released, and the remaining non-buoyant material sinks back to the sediment (e.g., Wells et al 2002, Meyer and Stewart 2001, Hedengren et al 2000. This gas release process defines a BDGRE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hanford Sludge Simulant Selection for Soil Mechanics Property Measurement

Wells¹,

Russell²,

Mahoney³

et al. 2010

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SummaryThis report describes current work to select or develop two chemical sludge simulants for testing relative to problems of hydrogen gas retention and release encountered in the double shell tanks at the Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. Wastes from single shell tanks are being transferred to double shell tanks for safety reasons (some single shell tanks are leaking or are in danger of leaking), but the available double-shell tank space is limited.The current System Plan for the Hanford Tank Farms (Rev. 4, Certa and Wells 2009) uses relaxed buoyant displacement gas release event (BDGRE) controls for deep sludge (i.e., high level waste [HLW]) tanks, which allows the tank farms to use more storage space, i.e., increase the sediment depth, in some of the double-shell tanks (DSTs). The relaxed BDGRE controls are based on preliminary analysis of a gas release model from van Kessel and van Kesteren (2002). Application of the van Kessel and van Kesteren model requires parametric information for the sediment, including the lateral earth pressure at rest and shear modulus. No lateral earth pressure at rest and shear modulus in situ measurements for Hanford sludge are currently available.The two chemical sludge simulants will be used in follow-on work to experimentally measure the van Kessel and van Kesteren (2002) model parameters, lateral earth pressure at rest, and shear modulus. The simulants are selected via similarity to measured Hanford sludge chemical and physical properties, including liquid density, viscosity, and pH, undissolved particle size and density, and slurry rheology to maximize the likelihood that the simulants will have similar lateral earth pressure at rest and shear modulus as Hanford sludge. Simulant 1 is selected from those Hanford sludge simulants that have previously been produced and characterized, and Simulant 2 is developed based upon the chemistry of a specific retrieval SST scenario. In Section 2, pertinent Hanford sludge properties are summarized, Simulant 1 is selected, and the chemistry for Simulant 2 is developed and presented. Simulant production is described in Section 3, and simulant property measurements are presented in Section 4. A summary is provided in Section 5.

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Analysis of Induced Gas Releases During Retrieval of Hanford Double-Shell Tank Waste

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Retrieval and Pipeline Transfer Assessment of Hanford Tank 241-AN-105 Waste

Retrieval and Pipeline Transfer Assessment of Hanford Tank 241-AN-105 Waste

Review of the Technical Basis of the Hydrogen Control Limit for Operations in Hanford Tank Farms

Hanford Sludge Simulant Selection for Soil Mechanics Property Measurement

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