Analysis of individual year-classes of a marine fish reveals little evidence of first-generation hybrids between cryptic species in sympatric regions

Burford, Martha O.; Bernardi, Giacomo; Carr, Mark H.

doi:10.1007/s00227-011-1694-7

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The Indo-Pacific barrier also influenced the divergence of marine species during glacial cycles, with subsequent overlap of sister lineages or species . Other examples of processes driving hybridization between species include those where hybridization appears to be driven by unequal parent ratios, i.e., if one parent species is rare, mating with conspecific hybrids increases (Marie et al 2007, Hobbs et al 2009, Burford et al 2011, Montanari et al 2012, von der Heyden and Connell 2012. Human or ecological disturbance may also increase the rate of hybridization in fishes (van Herwerden et al 2002, Mullen et al 2012, although whether this also holds for invertebrate species in the Indo-Pacific region remains a large research gap (but see Uthicke et al 2005).…”

Section: Species Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of genetics to marine management and conservation: examples from the Indo-Pacific

Heyden¹,

Beger²,

Toonen³

et al. 2014

BMS

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ABSTRACT.-Molecular tools and analyses have played pivotal roles in uncovering the processes and patterns of biodiversity in the Indian and Pacific oceans. However, integrating genetic results into management and conservation objectives has been challenging, with few examples that show practical applicability. This review aims to address some of the perceived barriers to an enhanced approach that integrates molecular data into management and conservation goals, by reviewing papers relevant to both conservation and fisheries management in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly with respect to phylogeography, connectivity, and species identification, as well as stock delineation, restoration of depleted wild stocks, mislabeled marine resources and "molecular forensics." We also highlight case studies from each of these areas that illustrate how molecular analyses are relevant to conservation and management in the IndoPacific, spanning a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate species. We discuss the application of genetic data to the design and evaluation of the effectiveness of marine protected area networks, stock delineation, and restoration and the usage of exclusion tests and parentage analyses for fisheries management. We conclude that there is a distinct need for increasing public awareness and ownership of genetically unique lineages and, ultimately, the increased inclusion of genetic research into management policy and conservation. Finally, we make a case for the importance of clear and effective communication for promoting public awareness, public ownership, and for achieving conservation goals within the region.

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Section: Species Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of genetics to marine management and conservation: examples from the Indo-Pacific

Heyden¹,

Beger²,

Toonen³

et al. 2014

BMS

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“…While the level of genetic divergence between the two cowcod taxa is similar to that found between some rockfish species; it is not clear whether these cowcod lineages are reproductively isolated. The two blue rockfish (Burford et al 2011;J.C. Garza et al, unpublished data) and vermilion rockfish (Hyde et al 2008) taxa have been deemed species because of a preponderance of individuals with ancestry assigned entirely or mostly to one or the other lineage, with only a Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic population structure in the severely depleted cowcod,Sebastes levis

Hess

Chittaro

Elz

et al. 2014

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Cowcod (Sebastes levis) is a member of a northeastern Pacific Ocean species flock that experienced extensive fishery exploitation. Factors that could produce structure in cowcod include a major biogeographic boundary within cowcod's geographical distribution; severe declines in abundance, potentially, resulting in reductions in effective population size and divergence owing to genetic drift; and dependence on patchily distributed habitat. We examine the following two questions: (i) is there subdivision present and, if so, is it concordant with the two marine biogeographic regions separated by Point Conception, and (ii) have cowcod experienced loss of genetic variation owing to population size reduction? Coarse-scale genetic and otolith analyses indicated regional structure across Point Conception. However, analysis of 24 microsatellite DNA loci revealed as many as three cryptic, divergent lineages (F CT = 0.194) that meet south of Point Conception. The two southern lineages had higher growth rate than the northerly distributed lineage. In general, cowcod is the least genetically diverse of ϳ10 rockfishes surveyed with the same markers, but the recent substantial declines in abundance were not reflected by recent genetic bottleneck analyses.Résumé : Sebastes levis fait partie d'un groupe d'espèces du nord-est de l'Océan Pacifique ayant fait l'objet d'une vaste exploitation. Les facteurs qui peuvent être cause de structure pour ce poisson comprennent la présence d'une importante limite biogéographique à l'intérieur de son aire de répartition, des baisses drastiques de son abondance découlant éventuellement de diminutions de la taille effective de la population et d'une divergence causée par une dérive génétique, ainsi que du recours à des habitats dont la distribution est parcellaire. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux deux questions suivantes : (i) existe-t-il une subdivision et, le cas échéant, concorde-t-elle avec les deux régions biogéographiques marines séparées par la pointe Conception, et (ii) la variation génétique de S. levis a-t-elle diminué en raison d'une diminution de la taille de sa population? Des analyses génétiques à grande échelle et d'otolites de S. levis indiquent la présence d'une structure régionale de part et d'autre de la pointe Conception. Cependant, l'analyse de 24 microsatellites d'ADN révèle jusqu'à trois lignées cryptiques divergentes (F CT = 0,194) se rencontrant au sud de la pointe Conception. Les deux lignées plus au sud présentent un taux de croissance plus élevé que la lignée de répartition plus nordique. En général, des quelques 10 espèces de sébastes étudiées à l'aide des mêmes marqueurs, S. levis est la moins diversifiée sur le plan génétique, bien que des analyses visant à déterminer la présence de goulots d'étranglement génétiques récents ne reflètent pas les baisses d'abondance récentes. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…We ran all juveniles from both year-classes and all adults together and generated posterior probabilities in STRUCTURE using 100 000 iterations of the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method after an initial burn-in period of 40 000 iterations. We averaged the posterior probabilities for each individual over the 5 runs and, in contrast to previous analyses (Burford & Bernardi 2008, Burford 2009), we assigned individuals with a posterior probability as signment of 0.75 or greater to one of the 2 species (following Burford et al 2011). We verified K and the stability of other model parameters by running the model with 5 replicates and ΔK-values ranging from 1 to 5 and analyzing the log-likelihood, the data estimate [ln(Pr(X/K))], and variance structure of the estimated log (natural) probability for different Ks (Appendix 2).…”

Section: Individual Assignment and Geographic Cluster Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While comparison of the geographic patterns of genetic structure of individual year-classes may reflect the effects of evolutionary events (e.g. geographic variation in hybridization be tween species; Burford et al 2011), it also provides information on contemporary events that may limit or promote variation in reproductive success and dispersal of offspring. Such an analysis can identify factors that influence the formation of new year-classes via reproductive success and dispersal, identify the degree of year-to-year variation in these factors, and may possibly explain how these factors influence speciation events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2 species were reproductively isolated and have a north-south distribution pattern, with a northerly and southerly distributed Type 1 and Type 2 species, respectively (Burford & Bernardi 2008, Burford 2009, and a range of overlap from central/ southern Oregon to northern California (~450 km; Burford 2009). In an analysis of hybridization of settling S. mystinus juveniles, there was little or no evidence of first generation hybrids, suggesting that reproductive isolation between the 2 species in regions where both coexist was due to pre-zygotic barriers (Burford et al 2011). Within the adult populations of each species there was evidence of genetic differentiation only in the southerly-distributed species at 2 locations (Santa Rosa Island and Gaviota, both south of Point Conception), suggesting that while the long pelagic phase contributed to connectivity in the northerly-distributed species, the same was not true for the southerlydistributed species (Burford 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-structured genetic analysis reveals temporal and geographic variation within and between two cryptic rockfish species

Burford

Carr²,

Bernardi³

2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The spatial patterns of genetic structure among juveniles of long-lived species can reveal the extent of interannual and geographic variation in realized larval dispersal as well as the processes that determine ecologically relevant patterns of population connectivity. However, few studies examine this temporal and spatial variation over large portions of a species' geographic range or between cryptic species that overlap in their range. Despite the potential for long-distance dispersal in blue rockfish Sebastes mystinus, a previous study of adults revealed two geographically distinct, cryptic species. To determine year-to-year variation in the patterns of spatial connectivity and to elucidate the potential ecological mechanisms involved in shaping new yearclasses and maintaining cryptic species, we sampled juveniles within California, USA, where both cryptic species coexist. Using microsatellite markers, we found geographic and temporal variation in the number of individuals from these distinct cryptic species within 2 new year-classes of juvenile S. mystinus. We also found differences in the geographic patterns of genetic structure of the 2 cryptic species. Whereas one species exhibited little or no spatial genetic structure across the study region, the other exhibited a complex geographic pattern of genetic structure, with little or no genetic structure among regions, but small-scale structure within a region. The results of this study demonstrate that the spatial scales and patterns of realized dispersal of pelagic larvae vary geographically, interannually, and between closely related species with similar life-history strategies. Therefore, estimates of dispersal based on larval duration and patterns of adult structure need to be interpreted cautiously.

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Analysis of individual year-classes of a marine fish reveals little evidence of first-generation hybrids between cryptic species in sympatric regions

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

The application of genetics to marine management and conservation: examples from the Indo-Pacific

The application of genetics to marine management and conservation: examples from the Indo-Pacific

Cryptic population structure in the severely depleted cowcod,Sebastes levis

Age-structured genetic analysis reveals temporal and geographic variation within and between two cryptic rockfish species

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