Analysis of Impact Energy to Fracture Unnotched Charpy Specimens Made From Railroad Tank Car Steel

Yu, Hailing; Jeong, David Y.; Gordon, Jeff; Tang, Yim H.

doi:10.1115/rtdf2007-46038

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 4 The ABAQUS implementation of the B-W criterion was used to calculate the energy to fracture unnotched Charpy specimens made from TC-128B tank car steel under pendulum impact loading [17]. Results from the FEA simulations were in excellent agreement with the experimental data for the range of specimen thicknesses that were tested.…”

Section: Abaqus Implementationsupporting

confidence: 52%

Finite Element Analyses of Railroad Tank Car Head Impacts

Tang

Yu²,

Gordon

et al. 2008

ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference

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This paper describes engineering analyses of a railroad tank car impacted at its head by a rigid punch. This type of collision, referred to as a head impact, is examined using dynamic, nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA). Commercial software packages ABAQUS and LS-DYNA are used to carry out the nonlinear FEA. The sloshing response of fluid and coupled dynamic behavior between the fluid inside the tank car and the tank structure are characterized in the model using both Lagrangian and Eulerian mesh formulations. The analyses are applied to examine the structural behavior of railroad tank cars under a generalized head impact scenario. Structural behavior is calculated in terms of forces, deformations, and puncture resistance. Results from the two finite element codes are compared to verify this methodology for head impacts. In addition, FEA results are compared to those from a semi-empirical method.

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Section: Abaqus Implementationsupporting

confidence: 52%

Finite Element Analyses of Railroad Tank Car Head Impacts

Tang

Yu²,

Gordon

et al. 2008

ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference

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“…Moreover, damage to the inside of the tank or free surface is created by shear stresses while damage to the outside of the tank or the impact surface is primarily due to normal stresses. (4) The evolution of stress triaxiality in the FEA simulation of the full-scale shell impact tests is similar to that produced by FEA of unnotched Charpy specimens under pendulum impact loading [16]. Two other shell impact cases were examined using FEA with material failure.…”

Section: Analysis With Materials Failurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…According to Lee and Wierzbicki [15], this calibration method estimates a failure initiation envelope that is within 10 percent agreement of that based on the complete test series. The implementation of the B-W criterion was validated using data from pendulum impact tests conducted on unnotched Charpy specimens made from TC-128B tank car steel [16]. Specimen thickness ranged from 0.19 to 0.83 inch.…”

Section: Description Of Finite Element Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Railroad Tank Car Shell Impacts Using Finite Element Method

Jeong

Gordon

Tang

et al. 2008

IEEE/ASME/ASCE 2008 Joint Rail Conference

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This paper examines impacts to the side of railroad tank cars by a ram car with a rigid indenter using dynamic, nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA). Such impacts are referred to as shell impacts. Here, nonlinear means elasticplastic material behavior with large deformations. Several computational issues are addressed. The dynamic response of the shell structure coupled with the sloshing response of fluid inside the tank is characterized through various mesh formulations. Puncture of the tank is calculated using a material failure criterion based on the general state of stress in the shell structure in terms of stress triaxiality. The FEA models were verified and validated in previous work. In the present work, the verified and validated FEA framework is applied to examine the effect of various factors on the structural response of the tank. These factors include shell thickness and indenter geometry.

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“…For example, an oversized pendulum impactor, called the Bulk Fracture Charpy Machine (BFCM), was constructed to study the fracture behavior of various tank car steels. The effect of various factors (such as specimen thickness and striker type) on impact energy was demonstrated through tests and analysis [5]. Moreover, the testing and modeling for the BFCM provided a benchmark to apply failure criteria to model puncture in finite element analyses of full-scale shell impacts [6].…”

Section: Figure 2: Building Block Approach To Testing and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Railroad Tank Car Puncture Performance: Part II — Estimating Metrics

Jeong

Carolan

Perlman

2016

2016 Joint Rail Conference

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This paper is the second in a two-part series on the puncture performance of railroad tank cars carrying hazardous materials in the event of an accident. Various metrics are often mentioned in the open literature to characterize the structural performance of tank cars under accident loading conditions. One of the consequences in terms of structural damage to the tank during accidents is puncture. This two-part series of papers focuses on four metrics to quantify the performance of tank cars against the threat of puncture: (1) speed, (2) force, (3) energy, and (4) conditional probability of release.In Part I, generalized tank car impact scenarios were illustrated. Particular focus is given to the generalized shell impact scenario because performance-based requirements for shell puncture resistance are being considered by the regulatory agencies in United States and Canada. Definitions for the four performance metrics were given. Physical and mathematical relationships among these metrics were outlined. Strengths and limitations of these performance metrics were discussed.In this paper (Part II), the multi-disciplinary approach to develop engineering tools to estimate the performance metrics is described. The complementary connection between testing and modeling is emphasized. Puncture performance metrics, which were estimated from other sources, are compared for different tank car designs. These comparisons are presented to interpret the metrics from a probabilistic point of view. In addition, sensitivity of the metrics to the operational and design factors is examined qualitatively. INTRODUCTIONThis two-part series of papers concentrates on the metrics to quantify the performance of railroad tank cars in terms of their structural capability to resist puncture from an impacting object. Generalized scenarios for head and side (or shell) impacts on tank cars were presented in Part I. Federal regulations were instituted in the 1980s to require head shields for railroad tank cars carrying certain classes of hazardous materials [1]. Recently, new regulations were issued to require head shields for railroad tank cars carrying high-hazard flammable liquids which include crude oil and ethanol [2]. Performance-based requirements for shell puncture are being considered by the regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada. The generalized shell impact scenario shown in Figure 1 has been conceived to standardize comparative performance of different tank car designs against the threat of shell puncture. The following characteristics were taken into consideration during the development of the test setup for the generalized shell impact scenario: safety, controllability, repeatability, and amenability to analysis. Since standards and regulations for shell puncture do not yet exist, this two-part series of papers have given particular attention to shell puncture.

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Analysis of Impact Energy to Fracture Unnotched Charpy Specimens Made From Railroad Tank Car Steel

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Finite Element Analyses of Railroad Tank Car Head Impacts

Finite Element Analyses of Railroad Tank Car Head Impacts

Analysis of Railroad Tank Car Shell Impacts Using Finite Element Method

On Railroad Tank Car Puncture Performance: Part II — Estimating Metrics

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