Analysis of immunoregulatory T-helper cell subsets in patients with multiple sclerosis: relapsing–progressive course correlates with enhanced TH1, relapsing–remitting course with enhanced TH0 reactivity

Induction of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells by copolymer-I through activation of transcription factor Foxp3

“…Furthermore, the study described here has also raised new questions regarding the role of IFN-␥ in T cell regulation. This is another example adding to the recent debate on the functional role of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in autoimmune conditions, such as MS (35)(36)(37)(38). The traditionally held Th1 paradigm is being challenged by mounting evidence that not all Th1 cytokines (e.g., IFN-␥ and TNF-␣) are necessarily the culprits for MS; in some aspects, they may be beneficial.…”

Effect of buckminsterfullerenes on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system: an in vitro study with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

“…25,26,[29][30][31][32] PBMC were adjusted to 1 Mio cells/mL in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 25% decomplemented autologous serum and gentamycin. 25,26,29,32,33 In order to determine the optimal conditions for the analysis, kinetics were performed prior to the experiments presented in this study. Best results for flow cytometry were observed after incubation of PBMC with the different antigens for 24 hours, incubation for 7 days revealing optimal results for proliferative responses and cytokine release.…”

“…In the first step we investigated their influence on unstimulated cells, and in the second step we mimicked inflammatory stages by preincubating the PBMC with TH1-(purified protein derivative, [PPD]), and TH2-cell activating antigens (tetanus toxoid [TT]) as well as BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin), stimulating mainly macrophages/monocytes. [25][26][27] It will be shown that these two fullerenes do not influence T cell reactivity but there is some evidence that they may activate cells of the innate immune system such as macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), or natural killer (NK) cells.…”

Bedeutung von Zytokinbestimmungen in der umweltmedizinischen Praxis

“…Allerdings kann durch die intrazelluläre Zytokinmessung in Lymphozyten, ggf. auch nach Kultivierung der Zellen, eine Aussage über eine Allergie-begünsti-gende Reaktionslage des Organismus getroffen werden [34,35]. Zellkulturuntersuchungen gestatten zudem Hinweise auf die Reagibilität gegenüber Schadstoffen (s. auch die Stellungnahme zum Lymphozytentransformationstest von 2002 [36]).…”

“…Für die Zukunft wäre denkbar, dass sie vor allem als Verlaufskontrolle unter Therapie eingesetzt werden könnten, da zelluläre Reaktionsmuster im Therapieverlauf deutlichen Änderungen unterworfen sein können, wie bei typischen TH1-(z. B. multiple Sklerose, Psoriasis) und TH2-Erkrankungen (z. B.Allergien) gezeigt werden konnte [7,35,38,39,40,41]. Bei TH2-beeinflussten allergischen Erkrankungen könnte ein "shift" der Immunreaktivität unter Therapie in ein TH1-Muster von Vorteil sein, bei TH1-Erkrankungen dagegen eine Verstär-kung der TH2-Antwort.…”