Analysis of Ilmenite Slag Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Abstract

The feasibility of using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the compositional analysis of ilmenite slag was explored. The slag was obtained from a pilot-scale ilmenite smelting furnace. The composition of major oxides TiO2, FeO, and MgO are determined by the calibrated LIBS method. LIBS measurements are done under normal atmosphere and temperature. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 355 nm was used to create a plasma on an ilmenite slag sample. The characteristic lines based on the NIST database of Fe, Mg, and Ti can be identified on the normalized LIBS spectra for the slag samples. The spectral range chosen for the study is 370 to 390 nm. Calibration curves were plotted using the data collected from various industrial ilmenite samples of varying compositions of TiO2, FeO, and MgO. The univariate simple linear regression technique was used to do the analysis and the prediction accuracy was checked by the root mean square error (RMSE). To validate the application of LIBS, both qualitative and quantitative analysis is done and compared to the analytical ICP-OES results. The model predicts the magnesium content with the highest accuracy and gives good prediction for iron and titanium content. This study demonstrates the capability of using LIBS for the surface analysis of the ilmenite slag sample.

Characteristics of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of liquid slag

“…Real-time analysis of slag composition is essential for determining the end of smelting, ensuring the quality of smelting products, and reducing energy consumption [5]. The alkalinity, viscosity, melting point, and other characteristics of slag are determined by its composition [6,7]. The main components of slag are SiO 2 , CaO, Al 2 O 3 , MgO, FeO, MnO, P 2 O 5 , etc [8][9][10].…”

Quantitative analysis of fertilizer using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with random forest algorithm

“…Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (Ding et al, 2021) is a new atomic emission spectroscopy technology with laser as the excitation source. Compared with the traditional analysis method, LIBS has the advantages of rapidness, real-time assessment (Ding et al, 2020), on-site micro-loss analysis (Qi et al, 2018), remote detection (Agresti et al, 2022), no need for complex sample preparation (Gupta et al, 2020), and simultaneous analysis of multiple elements (Shukla et al, 2022). In recent years, LIBS has been successfully used in geological exploration (Rethfeldt et al, 2021), metallurgical analysis (Myakalwar et al, 2021), medical diagnosis (Alsharnoubi et al, 2020), archaeology (Wallace et al, 2020), environmental monitoring (Ding et al, 2019), and other fields, including fertilizer detection.…”

Energy value measurement of milk powder using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with long short-term memory (LSTM)

“…In addition, it can also be used for real-time rapid detection and remote non-contact detection. 11 Therefore, LIBS is increasingly applied in industrial production, 12,13 agricultural farming [14][15][16] and food testing. 17 Several scholars have utilized LIBS technology to study milk powder and have obtained promising results.…”

“…In addition, it can also be used for real-time rapid detection and remote non-contact detection. 11 Therefore, LIBS is increasingly applied in industrial production, 12,13 agricultural farming 14–16 and food testing. 17…”