Analysis of IL-1α, bFGF, TGF-β1, IFNγ, MMP-1, and CatD Expression in Multinuclea Macrophages In Vitro

Abstract

The incidence of mono- and multinuclear cells and their expression of pro- and antifibrotic factors were studied in cultured peritoneal macrophages from intact and BCG-infected mice. Generally, the expression of factors increased with an increase in the number of nuclei per cell. However, the expression was higher in macrophages from BCG infected mice, except the cells with 3 and more nuclei, extremely rarely expressing IL-1α in cultures from intact and BCG-infected animals. The number of macrophages with 3 and more nuclei, expressing CatD, was comparable with the number of mono- and binuclear macrophages. Presumably, this was determined by various mechanisms of formation of multinuclear (3-5 and more nuclei) macrophages, for example, by amitosis.

Clinical observation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) combined with minoxidil in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia

“…It can participate in tissue repair and promote the proliferation of various kinds of cells, such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts. 23 At the same time, studies have shown that bFGF can promote hair growth by increasing the size of hair follicles and promoting the proliferation of dermal papilla cells in mice. [24][25][26] Note: After 6 months of treatment, the difference of curative effect between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.004 < 0.05).…”

“…Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), also known as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), is a member of the fibroblast growth factor superfamily. It can participate in tissue repair and promote the proliferation of various kinds of cells, such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts 23 . At the same time, studies have shown that bFGF can promote hair growth by increasing the size of hair follicles and promoting the proliferation of dermal papilla cells in mice 24‐26 .…”

Regeneration and proliferation of cardiomyocytes and its microRNA regulatory mechanisms

“…Amitosis is recognized as a specialized form of cell division with simple cleavage of the nucleus without the formation of a spindle figure or chromosomes. This process widely exist in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Vitali et al, 2021), including hepatocytes (David and Uerlings, 1992), pancreatic acinar cells (Nagata, 2003) and macrophages of humans and other mammals (Arkhipov et al, 2008;Il'in et al, 2018;Iljine et al, 2013). So far, little attention has been paid to the role of amitosis in CM proliferation.…”