The effect of crystallographic orientation and aging heat treatment at 850 ЊC on the creep rupture strength of single crystals of a nickel-based superalloy was examined at 700 ЊC in detail. Initial tensile orientations were selected over a wide range on the standard stereographic triangle. The {111}͗112͘-type slip systems were found to be operative during the creep deformation. The creep behavior was found to be greatly influenced by the additional aging at 850 ЊC for 20 hours. It was found that the effect of the aging at 850 ЊC was quite different between orientations favored for the (111)[112] slip system and those favored for the (111)[211] slip system and that the creep deformation mechanisms of these two slip systems were different. In the orientations favored for (111)[112] slip systems, in the single-aged specimens, a small mean surface-to-surface spacing due to hyperfine ␥Ј precipitates in the matrix channel promoted the (111)[112] slip and the primary creep. As a result of the additional aging at 850 ЊC, the hyperfine ␥Ј precipitates were dissolved into the matrix, and the resultant large mean surface-to-surface spacing between the cuboidal precipitates inhibited extensive shearing of the ␥-␥Ј structure by the (111)[112] slip system. As a result, the creep strengths of these orientations were increased in double-aged specimens; however, the low ductility associated with the difficulty of secondary noncoplanar slip did not enlarge rupture lifetime in the double-aged [001] specimen. In the orientations favored for the (111)[211] slip system, creep deformation occurred by twinning shear through ␥ and ␥Ј precipitates, and a distinct effect of the aging at 850 ЊC was not observed. In the multiple orientation of the {111}͗211͘-type slip systems, i.e., the [112] and [111] orientations, hyperfine precipitates improved creep strength because they prevented dislocations from gliding in the matrix channel in the single-aged specimens.