Analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and their controlling factors in the Fen River of China

Hua, Kun; Xiao, Jun; Li, Shujian; Li, Bingbing

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101827

Cited by 56 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Obviously, silicate weathering was the major contributor to dissolved solutes in groundwater in the Loess Plateau. This finding was consistent with the results obtained by (Hua et al 2019) and (Kou et al 2019) in studying the source of groundwater solutes in the Loess Plateau. However, compared with other regions, the predominant source of groundwater chemistry was different due to different geological factors and climatic conditions.…”

Section: Quantification Of Source Contributions To Dissolved Solutessupporting

confidence: 93%

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality of Groundwater in the Thick Loess Deposits

2021

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Water quality and quantity should be paid more attentions for regions with arid climate and thick vadose zones since the limited groundwater cannot be replenished rapidly once polluted. This study focused on the Loess Plateau of China to investigate the geochemical mechanism affecting groundwater chemistry and to calculate contribution rates of multiple sources to groundwater solutes. We employed multiple methods (diagrams, bivariate analyses, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), water quality index (WQI), correlation analysis, forward simulation) for the above purposes. We collected 64 groundwater samples in the thick loess deposits in June 2018 (flood season) and April 2019 (dry season). The average concentrations of cation were in the order of Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ in the flood season, and Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ in the dry season. The order of anions contents in the flood season and the dry season was HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3−. The major hydrochemical facies were Ca-HCO3 and Ca·Mg-HCO3 in the flood season, and Na·Ca-HCO3·SO4 and Na-HCO3 in the dry season, respectively. Most of the groundwater (95% in the flood season and 96% in the dry season) was suitable for drinking, and overall water quality (except samples F28 and D13) was acceptable for irrigation. Mineral dissolution and cation exchange were important natural processes affecting groundwater chemistry. A forward model showed that the contribution of atmospheric input, anthropogenic input, evaporite dissolution, silicate weathering and carbonate weathering to solutes in groundwater was 2.3 ± 1.5%, 5.0 ± 7.1%, 19.3 ± 21.4%, 42.8 ± 27.3% and 30.6 ± 27.1% in the flood season, and 9.1 ± 6.4%, 3.4 ± 5.2%, 20.3 ± 15.9, 56.6 ± 23.2%, and 10.7 ± 15.4% in the dry season, respectively. Although the overall contribution of anthropogenic inputs was minor, it was the dominant source of solutes for some groundwater samples. This study provides fundamental information for water management in arid areas.

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Section: Quantification Of Source Contributions To Dissolved Solutessupporting

confidence: 93%

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality of Groundwater in the Thick Loess Deposits

2021

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“…The water quality of the Hei River is better than that of other rivers on the Loess Plateau. For example, our previous study showed that over 30% of streamflow or groundwater samples from the Wei River had water quality of Class V in the wet season [15]; the Fen River had even worse water quality [16]. The dissolved solutes in this river mostly come from rock weathering, and the effect of human activities is different than that in other rivers [4].…”

Section: Implications For Water Resource Managementmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…With these changes in surface conditions, soil erosion has been effectively reduced; however, river flow has significantly reduced as well, threatening the sustainability of the region [13,14]. Despite the direct reduction of water quantity, fertilizer application strategies because of land use change also influence water quality [15][16][17]. As such, investigations of water quality are important, especially considering recent anthropogenic-induced environmental change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical Characteristics, Controlling Factors, and Solute Sources of Streamflow and Groundwater in the Hei River Catchment, China

Kou

Zhou

Hua

et al. 2019

Water

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Water scarcity in arid regions is exacerbated by water quality degradation from anthropogenic contamination. In water-scarce regions, it is crucial to identify hydrochemical characteristics and pollution sources for effective water resource management. In this study, the Hei River—located in the Loess Plateau of China, which is an arid region with substantial anthropogenic-induced environmental changes—was selected as the study area to investigate these issues. The major ions of 242 streamflow and groundwater samples were measured during the 2014 and 2015 dry and flood seasons. Using a Piper diagram, a fuzzy membership function, a Gibbs diagram, and a forward model, the hydrochemical facies and water quality of streamflow and groundwater were investigated, and the main river solute sources and relative contributions were determined using quantitative and qualitative methods. The total dissolved solids were 279.6 ± 127.8 mg·L−1 for streamflow and 354.0 ± 157.4 mg·L−1 for groundwater, indicating low salinity water. However, the hydrochemical characteristics varied with season and location. Qualitatively, the atmospheric inputs, human activities, and rock weathering all contributed solutes to the waters but with varying contributions. The following are the mean contributions of analyzed solute source: silicate weathering (45.1 ± 1.1%) > carbonate weathering (34.1 ± 1.6%) > evaporite dissolution (13.7 ± 2.4%) > atmospheric input (5.4 ± 0.1%) > anthropogenic input (1.7 ± 0.1%). In general, water quality was satisfactory, as the majority of samples conformed to drinking water standards. The samples had good water quality because the river solutes were not heavily affected by anthropogenic activities and were primarily controlled by rock weathering. However, localized areas of high anthropogenic impact were identified. Such locations should be prioritized for pollution control and water resource management.

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“…In general, the total charge of soluble ions in water is balanced. The accuracy of the measured data was verified by the charge balance method [21,22]. Through the total positive charge of the water (TZ + = 2Ca² + + 2Mg² + + Na + + K + ) and the total negative charge of the water (TZ -= HCO 3 -+ Cl -+ NO 3 -+ 2SO 4 ² -), the normalized inorganic charge balance (NICB) was calculated in the XRB (Formula ( 1)).…”

Section: Ionic Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical Characteristics and Their Controlling Factors in the Xiying River Basin in the Eastern Qilian Mountains, China

Ma¹,

Zhou²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Developing a scientific understanding of hydrochemical characteristics and their controlling factors is of great significance in protecting the quality of the water environment and maintaining ecological balance. The article presents the water chemical characteristics and their controlling factors in the Xiying River Basin (XRB) during different flood seasons from April to November, 2015. The results are as follows. The river water was found to be slightly alkaline on the whole and the dominant ions were Ca² + and HCO 3 -. The hydrochemical type was Ca² + -Mg² + -HCO 3 -. Besides that, the ion concentrations showed great differences in different periods. From the pre-flood period (PreFP) to post-flood period (PoFP), total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + and SO 4 2presented a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. TDS reached its maximum in PreFP. K + , NO 3 and HCO 3 presented a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, reaching a maximum in SuFP. Rock weathering is the major controlling mechanism of river hydrochemistry, of which carbonate weathering is the main source of ions, followed by silicate weathering. At the same time, factors such as precipitation, river supply sources, human activities and vegetation cover in different times all have significant influences on river hydrochemistry. The findings in this paper show that we need to adjust cultivated land areas and their space distribution scientifically, strengthen the construction of riverbank forest belts, and make full use of the effects of forest land and grassland. These measures could improve water quality effectively and guarantee water security in middle and lower reaches.

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Analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and their controlling factors in the Fen River of China

Cited by 56 publications

References 46 publications

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality of Groundwater in the Thick Loess Deposits

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality of Groundwater in the Thick Loess Deposits

Hydrochemical Characteristics, Controlling Factors, and Solute Sources of Streamflow and Groundwater in the Hei River Catchment, China

Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical Characteristics and Their Controlling Factors in the Xiying River Basin in the Eastern Qilian Mountains, China

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