Analysis of Hybridization Effect by the Appearance of Target Tomato Traits in F2, F3 Progenies in Breeding for Multi Circle Hydroponics

Abstract

A b s t r a c tClassic genetic methods remain actual in practice and study of inheritance and heritability of the main commercial crop traits. Solanum lycopersicum L. genetics is well developed, but the special approach is necessary to solve special breeding tasks. Heritability analysis of the main traits in F 1 tomato progeny, which we have been carried out in 2009-2011, revealed some regularity to be further used in breeding practice. We first found that the main fruit yield parameters of Solanum lycopersicum L., the average fruit weight (h 2 = 0.99) and the average fruit number per plant (h 2 = 0.96), are inherited on the maternal side, and dwarfism (h 2 = 0.83) and early ripening (h 2 = 0.73) are inherited on the paternal side. Effectiveness of the target hybridization method developed earlier has been tested in this paper. Productive maternal plants with larger-sized fruits and early ripening dwarf paternal plants were involved in target crossings. F 1 hybrids and their F 2 progeny resulted from selfpollination of F 1 plants were produced. Analysis of dwarfism inheritance in three F 2 hybrid combinations using  2 criterion confirmed recessiveness of d gene. The tall plants and the dwarf plants of F 2 population segregated strictly by Mendel's low (3:1). By dispersion analysis of six parental forms and three hybrids, we selected the more productive plants with large fruit size among the dwarf plants, then obtained seed progeny of these plants and studied the heritability of two traits, the dwarfism and large fruit size, in the F 3 hybrids. It was found out that crossing between tall maternal plants with large fruit size and dwarf early ripening paternal plants resulted in lowering the plant height to that of dwarf father. This trait was maintained in F 3 that confirmed the correctness of conclusions have earlier been made by us. Heritability of average fruit weight on the maternal side also has been confirmed in F 3 progeny. In F 3 hybrids derived from crossing maternal plants Vspishka and Krainiy Sever with large fruit size the average fruit weight increased 2 times compared to the parental forms. This trait is maintained in progeny despite negative effects of d genes on some quantitative characteristics. Use of high productive maternal forms with small fruits size resulted in lowering average fruit weight in the hybrid progenies. So, dwarfism of Solanum lycopersicum L., desirable in multi circle hydroponic technology, is inherited on the parental side, and the fruit weigh is inherited on the maternal side. Thus, to obtain new tomato forms for multi circle hydroponics, the maternal plants with large fruit size and dwarf paternal forms should be crossed.

Agronomic Performance of F3 Populations of Tomato for Hydroponic Cultivation at Lowland Greenhouse

“…Tanaman tomat dengan karakter dikotomus yang rendah dapat mengurangi penggunaan ajir sehingga biaya produksi tomat dapat berkurang. Pivovarov et al (2017) menyatakan tomat dengan pertumbuhan rendah sesuai untuk budidaya tanaman dengan teknologi hidroponik.…”

“…Genotipe Rw.Ta-4-10U, Rw.Ta-1-14U, dan Ag.Ul-5-7U masuk kategori ukuran sedang dan genotipe Ag.Ul-5-14U masuk ke dalam kategori buah besar. Pivovarov et al (2017) menyatakan tomat dengan bobot buah medium (30-50 g) sesuai untuk budidaya dengan teknologi hidroponik di rumah kaca.…”

“…Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya melaporkan nilai heritabilitas arti luas yang tinggi diperoleh pada karakter panjang buah, diameter buah, bobot buah per tanaman, dan jumlah buah per tanaman (Saputra et al, 2019) dan kemajuan genetik yang tinggi terdapat pada karakter bobot buah (Ahmad et al, 2017). Pivovarov et al (2017) melaporkan bahwa karakter bobot buah (h 2 =0.99) dan jumlah buah (h 2 =0.96) diwariskan dari jalur maternal sedangkan pertumbuhan pendek (h 2 =0.83) dan umur genjah (0.73) diwariskan dari jalur paternal.…”

“…Martínez-blanco et al (2011) melaporkan bahwa sistem hidroponik di dalam rumah kaca mampu meningkatkan hasil panen tomat hingga 50% dan mengurangi kebutuhan air serta aplikasi pestisida. Pivovarov et al (2017) menyatakan bahwa ideotipe tomat yang dibudidayakan di sistem hidroponik adalah memiliki tinggi tanaman yang rendah dan ukuran buah yang cukup besar.…”

LARGE FRUIT OF TOMATO Solanum lycopersicum L.: GENETIC DETERMINANTS, ORGANOGENESIS AND FRUIT DEVELOPMENT(review)

“…Зная особенности фенотипического проявления генов, контролирующих ключевой признак (карликовость), мы разработали целевую технологию отбора форм овощных культур для вертикального овощеводства (3,4), с помощью которой получили первые в мире мелкоплодные сорта томата для многоярусной узкостеллажной гидропоники -Наташа и Тимоша (5). Генетический анализ (6) и целевая гибридизация с использованием в скрещиваниях крупноплодных материнских форм привели к увеличению средней массы плода у поколения F3 практически в 2 раза (7). Но укрупнение плода у томата -сложный количественный признак.…”