Analysis of hybrid vehicle transmissions with any number of modes and planetary gearing: kinematics, power flows, mechanical power losses

Cammalleri, Marco; Castellano, Antonella

doi:10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2021.104350

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…One of the criticalities of this research area is the improvement of performance, fuel economy and driveability of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) [2]. Amongst the current hybrid powertrain architectures, the Power-Split Continuously Variable Transmission (PS-CVT) is the most promising technology, since HEVs often present multiple power sources that can be well managed by transmissions with multiple inputs [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of a Compound Power-Split CVT for Hybrid Powertrains

2021

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The Power-Split Continuously Variable Transmission is one of the most promising architectures for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. These systems have been introduced to improve vehicle global efficiency since they can maximize the efficiency in varying operating conditions. During the design stage, the availability of modeling tools would play a key role in achieving optimal design and control of these architectures. In this work, a compound power split device that combines an electric Continuously Variable Transmission with two planetary gear trains is analyzed. A comprehensive model is derived that allows the different power flow configurations to be evaluated given the properties of the single subcomponents of the system. The efficiency of the powertrain can be derived as well, and a numerical example is provided. The architecture studied has an efficiency that can be higher than that obtained using one single eCVT for most of the global transmission ratio range, showing that this solution could be suitable as a part of a more complex compound transmission that engages in a specific speed range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of a Compound Power-Split CVT for Hybrid Powertrains

2021

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“…The approach adopted herein is based on the concept of virtual or potential power, at the base of thoughtful contributions on the mechanical efficiency of planetary gear trains [5,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The virtual power, a term coined by Chen and Angeles [17], or potential power, coined by Esmail [5], is the power measured by an observer on any arbitrary moving frame [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power-Flow and Mechanical Efficiency Computation in Two-Degrees-of-Freedom Planetary Gear Units: New Compact Formulas

2021

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The mechanical efficiency is a computed value for comparing the performance of the multi degrees-of-freedom geared transmissions of hybrid vehicles. Most of the current methods for estimating gear trains mechanical efficiency require the decomposition of gear transmissions in basic structural elements or planetary gear units (PGU). These are two degrees-of-freedom components whose mechanical efficiency has a deep influence on the overall device. The authors (E.L.E., E.P.) already evidenced that, under certain kinematic conditions, the classic Radzimovsky’s formulas, widely accepted for computing the mechanical efficiency of PGUs, are not adequate. In this paper, more general and reliable formulas for computing the mechanical efficiency are deduced. The proposed formulas herein, exploiting the concept of potential or virtual power, evidence the dependency between kinematics and efficiency. A numerical example compares our results with previous work on the subject.

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“…The focus of this paper is to provide the global efficiency map of the multi-mode Chevrolet Volt hybrid electric powertrain by assessing all powertrain losses, not only those occurring in the propulsors but also the transmission mechanical power losses. This can be achieved by applying a unified parametric model [33][34][35][36] without convoluted or casespecific formulations. All the relationships of the model are ruled by few basic functional parameters which can be swiftly derived from any PS-CVT constructive arrangement, even multi-PG or multi-mode [34,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be achieved by applying a unified parametric model [33][34][35][36] without convoluted or casespecific formulations. All the relationships of the model are ruled by few basic functional parameters which can be swiftly derived from any PS-CVT constructive arrangement, even multi-PG or multi-mode [34,36]. These enable the calculation of speed, torque, and power ratios in real conditions, by using a fast black-box method [35,36] to assess the PSU mechanical losses and then the actual power that the electric machines should provide to the PSU for given ICE power and required output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power Losses Minimization for Optimal Operating Maps in Power-Split HEVs: A Case Study on the Chevrolet Volt

Castellano

Cammalleri

2021

Applied Sciences

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The power-split architecture is the most promising hybrid electric powertrain. However, a real advantage in energy saving while maintaining high performance can be achieved only by the implementation of a proper energy management strategy. This requires an optimized functional design before and a comprehensive analysis of the powertrain losses after, which could be rather challenging owing to the constructive complexity of the power-split transmission, especially for multi-mode architecture with multiple planetary gearing. This difficulty was overcome by a dimensionless model, already available in the literature, that enables the analysis of any power-split transmission, even in full electric operation. This paper relies on this approach to find the operating points of the internal combustion engine and both electric machines which minimize the total power losses. This optimization is carried out for given vehicle speed and demanded torque, by supposing different scenarios in respect of the battery capability of providing or gathering power. The efficiency of the thermal engine and the electric machines is considered, as well as the transmission mechanical power losses. The aim is to provide a global efficiency map that can be exploited to extract data for the implementation of the most suitable real-time control strategy. As a case study, the procedure is applied to the multi-mode power-split system of the Chevrolet Volt.

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Analysis of hybrid vehicle transmissions with any number of modes and planetary gearing: kinematics, power flows, mechanical power losses

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Performance Evaluation of a Compound Power-Split CVT for Hybrid Powertrains

Performance Evaluation of a Compound Power-Split CVT for Hybrid Powertrains

Power-Flow and Mechanical Efficiency Computation in Two-Degrees-of-Freedom Planetary Gear Units: New Compact Formulas

Power Losses Minimization for Optimal Operating Maps in Power-Split HEVs: A Case Study on the Chevrolet Volt

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