Analysis of Hybrid Routing Protocols ZRP, HCR and ANTHOCNET: A Review

Abstract

Abstract-Mobile ad hoc network is an infrastructure less network. Each node consists of a router and a host, usually on the same computer. If these nodes are directly in contact with each other they can communicate directly, otherwise the nodes have to communicate by using the intermediate node. These protocols have limited bandwidth, limited power supply, mobility and routing overhead. A number of routing protocols have been designed to overcome these issues. Table driven, On-demand and Hybrid routing are types of MANET routing protocols. In this paper, we present review for hybrid routing protocols Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), Hybrid Cluster Routing (HCR) and AntHocNet. We compare these protocols based on the routing methodology and information. Keywords-ZRP, HCR, AntHocNet, Hybrid Routing Protocol, MANET, Routing Protocols I. INTRODUCTIONMANET is an infrastructure less network opposed to infrastructure network. In infrastructure less network nodes are communicate without any centralized control or established infrastructure [1]. Due to these MANET is used in different area: Military Use, Search and rescue, Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication in intelligent transportation, Temporary networks in meeting rooms, airports etc. In MANET node acts as a router. Routing is challenging task in MANET due to limited bandwidth and transmission range. As nodes are moved quickly in MANET and changes their path quickly. There are different types of routing protocols are comes with different routing methodology so as to overcome the challenging task in MANET routing. Based, on these routing protocols in MANET are divide into three categories[2]:

Plane-separated routing in ad-hoc networks

“…using the simulation parameters in Table 2. To validate the advantages of plane- separation, CHRA is compared with (i) Cluster-Based Routing Protocols (CBRP), which employs the common routing method used in almost all hierarchical routing algorithms, (ii) Hybrid Cluster Routing (HCR) [32,42] as a superior of CBRP and a more recent approach to routing in clustered topologies and (iii) AODV on flat topologies. Therefore, CBRP and its superior HCR are the important comparison elements, while AODV is used for benchmarking for a non-hierarchical approach.…”

“…There are hybrid routing algorithms that effectively use cluster-based hierarchy. Hybrid cluster routing (HCR) [32,42] proactively updates routes for intra-cluster communication. For inter-cluster communication, it behaves like all other algorithms presented here and uses cluster heads and gateways directly.…”

“…Quantitatively, we compare CHRA with two opponents, clusterbased routing protocol (CBRP) and hybrid cluster routing (HCR). CBRP is a well-known algorithm [29] depending on control plane routing and forwarding (i.e., hierarchy without CUPS) and HCR [32,42] uses a hybrid routing technique on clustered networks that resembles the CHRA the most. Our contributions are listed as follows.…”