Analysis of Human Faecal Host Proteins: Responsiveness to 10-Week Dietary Intervention Modifying Dietary Protein Intake in Elderly Males

Gathercole, Jessica; Grosvenor, Anita J.; Lee, Erin; Thomas, Ancy; Mitchell, Cameron J.; Zeng, Nina; D’Souza, Randall F.; Ramzan, Farha; Sharma, Pankaja; Knowles, Scott O.; Roy, Nicole C.; Sjödin, Anders; Wagner, Karl‐Heinz; Milan, Amber M.; Mitchell, Sarah M.; Cameron‐Smith, David

doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.595905

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Moreover, potential confounding factors such as sex, diet or body mass index (BMI) must be considered. Overall, analysis of the human fecal proteome [ 37 , 38 , 39 ] identified ~2000 host-derived proteins that overlapped by almost 50% with plasma proteins [ 38 ]. For comparison, urine contained ~6000 different proteins, with extracellular and plasma membrane proteins being enriched [ 40 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers

et al. 2023

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The use of biomarkers is of great clinical value for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and the assessment of treatment efficacy. In this context, adipokines secreted from adipose tissue are of interest, as their elevated circulating levels are associated with a range of metabolic dysfunctions, inflammation, renal and hepatic diseases and cancers. In addition to serum, adipokines can also be detected in the urine and feces, and current experimental evidence on the analysis of fecal and urinary adipokine levels points to their potential as disease biomarkers. This includes increased urinary adiponectin, lipocalin-2, leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in renal diseases and an association of elevated urinary chemerin as well as urinary and fecal lipocalin-2 levels with active inflammatory bowel diseases. Urinary IL-6 levels are also upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis and may become an early marker for kidney transplant rejection, while fecal IL-6 levels are increased in decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute gastroenteritis. In addition, galectin-3 levels in urine and stool may emerge as a biomarker for several cancers. With the analysis of urine and feces from patients being cost-efficient and non-invasive, the identification and utilization of adipokine levels as urinary and fecal biomarkers could become a great advantage for disease diagnosis and predicting treatment outcomes. This review article highlights data on the abundance of selected adipokines in urine and feces, underscoring their potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers

et al. 2023

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“…In these conditions, the fecal proteome is altered, indicating peculiar modifications that can have an important diagnostic interest. The fecal host proteome includes proteins primarily secreted from the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., enzymes, but also mucus, secretory and immune proteins, and proteins resulting from intestinal mucosal cell turnover) [15,16]. Furthermore, the fecal proteome contains proteins that derive from the microbiota and its metabolism [17] which can change, as previously said, following an alteration of the intestinal environment (e.g., reduction in motility and bacterial overgrowth) due to impaired liver function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Proteome Profile in Dogs Suffering from Different Hepatobiliary Disorders and Comparison with Controls

Cerquetella,

Mangiaterra,

Pinnella

et al. 2023

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In the present study, the fecal proteomes of clinically healthy dogs (HD = n. 10), of dogs showing clinical, ultrasonographic, and/or laboratory evidence of different hepatobiliary dysfunction (DHD = n. 10), and of dogs suffering from chronic hepatitis (CHD = n. 10) were investigated with an Ultimate 3000 nanoUPLC system, coupled to an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer. Fifty-two different proteins of canine origin were identified qualitatively in the three study groups, and quantitative differences were found in 55 proteins when comparing groups. Quantitatively, a total of 41 and 36 proteins were found differentially abundant in the DHD and CHD groups compared to the control HD, and 38 proteins resulted dysregulated in the CHD group as compared to the DHD group. Among the various proteins, differently abundant fecal fibronectin and haptoglobin were more present in the feces of healthy and DHD dogs than in chronic ones, leading us to hypothesize its possible diagnostic/monitoring role in canine chronic hepatitis. On the other hand, the trefoil factor 2 was increased in DHD dogs. Our results show that the analysis of the fecal proteome is a very promising field of study, and in the case of dogs suffering from different hepatobiliary disorders, it was able to highlight both qualitative and quantitative differences among the three groups included. Results need to be confirmed with western blotting and in further studies.

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The plasma proteome is favorably modified by a high protein diet but not by additional resistance training in older adults: A 17-week randomized controlled trial

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe age-related loss of muscle mass significantly contributes to the development of chronic diseases, loss of mobility and dependency on others, yet could be improved by an optimized lifestyle.ObjectiveThe goal of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the influence of a habitual diet (CON) with either a diet containing the recommended protein intake (RP) or a high protein intake (HP), both with and without strength training, on the plasma proteome in older adults.MethodsOne hundred and thirty-six women and men (65–85 years) were randomly assigned to three intervention groups. CON continued their habitual diet; participants of the HP and RP group consumed either high protein or standard foods. After 6 weeks of dietary intervention, HP and RP groups additionally started a strength training intervention twice per week for 8 weeks. Twenty-four hours dietary recalls were performed every 7–10 days. Body composition was assessed and blood taken. Plasma proteomics were assessed with LC-MS.ResultsParticipants of the HP group doubled their baseline protein intake from 0.80 ± 0.31 to 1.63 ± 0.36 g/kg BW/d; RP increased protein intake from 0.89 ± 0.28 to 1.06 ± 0.26 g/kg BW/d. The CON group kept the protein intake stable throughout the study. Combined exercise and HP initiated notable changes, resulting in a reduction in bodyfat and increased muscle mass. Proteomics analyses revealed 14 significantly affected proteins by HP diet, regulating innate immune system, lipid transport and blood coagulation, yet the additional strength training did not elicit further changes.ConclusionsCombined HP and resistance exercise in healthy older adults seem to induce favorable changes in the body composition. Changes in the plasma proteome due to the high protein diet point to a beneficial impact for the innate immune system, lipid transport and blood coagulation system, all of which are involved in chronic disease development.Clinical trial registrationThe study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04023513).

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Analysis of Human Faecal Host Proteins: Responsiveness to 10-Week Dietary Intervention Modifying Dietary Protein Intake in Elderly Males

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers

Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers

Fecal Proteome Profile in Dogs Suffering from Different Hepatobiliary Disorders and Comparison with Controls

The plasma proteome is favorably modified by a high protein diet but not by additional resistance training in older adults: A 17-week randomized controlled trial

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