Analysis of Human Adenovirus Type 19 Associated with Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis and its Reclassification as Adenovirus Type 64

Abstract

HAdV-D19 associated with EKC (HAdV-D64) originated from a recombination between HAdV-D19p, HAdV-D37, and HAdV-D22, and was mischaracterized because of a shared hexon gene. HAdV-D19p is not infectious for corneal epithelial cells, thus explaining the lack of any association with keratitis.

A unique secreted adenovirus E3 protein binds to the leukocyte common antigen CD45 and modulates leukocyte functions

“…For coprecipitation with purified sec49K, 600 ng of purified sec49K was added, followed by incubation for 1 h at 4°C before immunoprecipitation. Immunoprecipitation was performed with antibodies directed against the C terminus (lanes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] or N terminus (lanes 10-13). Arrows indicate full-length E3/49K (49K) and E3/49K-derived species, and arrowheads indicate the three protein species specifically binding to E3/49K in Jurkat cell lysates.…”

“…subversion of leukocytes | E3 protein shedding | Ad19a/Ad64 | epidemic keratoconjunctivitis H uman adenoviruses (Ads) comprise more than 60 different types classified into seven species, designated A-G (1,2). Ads can establish acute as well as persistent infections (3).…”

“…Generally, disease patterns differ among Ad species. Interestingly, some Ads of species D, including Ad8, Ad37, Ad19a [recently renamed Ad64 (2)], and the more recently sequenced Ad53, Ad54, and Ad56 (2,4,5), cause a distinct disease, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) (6). Surprisingly, this specific pathogenesis in the eye contrasts with the rather ubiquitous receptor profile of EKC-causing Ads (7,8), and thus is likely linked to selective events occurring postattachment, such as differential triggering of innate and adaptive immune responses (3,9,10).…”

A Novel Complex Recombinant Form of Type 48-Related Human Adenovirus Species D Isolated in Japan

“…A lot of new genotypes of HAdV-D, which were defined in this report as the HAdV genotypes without serological determinations, that is those from type number 53 onward, have been recently reported and characterized in terms of evolution and neutralization assays, e.g., HAdV genotype 53 (HAdV-GT53) (2) and HAdV-GT64 (3) (abbreviated as HAdV-GT53 and so on for such genotypes in this report). Except for a few types, such as HAdV-GT54, most of the new genotypes have been suggested to be originated from recombination between the types which were designated by serological typing criteria, i.e., HAdV-1 to 51, particularly in the penton base, hexon and fiber genes (2)(3)(4). It has also been speculated that recombinant viruses exhibiting similar phenotypes to their original viruses (e.g., in tropism and pathogenesis) would have been recognized as known types (3)(4)(5)(6).…”

“…Except for a few types, such as HAdV-GT54, most of the new genotypes have been suggested to be originated from recombination between the types which were designated by serological typing criteria, i.e., HAdV-1 to 51, particularly in the penton base, hexon and fiber genes (2)(3)(4). It has also been speculated that recombinant viruses exhibiting similar phenotypes to their original viruses (e.g., in tropism and pathogenesis) would have been recognized as known types (3)(4)(5)(6). HAdV-GT53 is one of the most complex recombinant forms at least 4 original viruses were involved in the origin of the HAdV GT53 genome.…”