Analysis of HIV-1 sequences before and after co-infecting syphilis

Koga, Ichiro; Odawara, Takashi; Matsuda, Masakazu; Sugiura, Wataru; Goto, Mieko; Nakamura, Toshio; Iwamoto, Aikichi

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2006.09.003

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although the impact of these increases in HIV viral load on disease outcome is unclear, the higher HIV viral loads associated with active syphilis infection may facilitate HIV transmission. Increased viral replication during syphilis infection previously suppressed by antiretroviral medication may also lead to increasing HIV drug resistance [27].…”

Section: Current Syphilis Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis: Continuing public health and diagnostic challenges

Daskalakis

2008

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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As the "great imitator" of disease, syphilis, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, continues to be a conceptually elusive condition that is surrounded by diagnostic ambiguity and clinical misunderstanding. Concurrent HIV infection adds further difficulty by introducing the oldest and most confusing medical conundrum into the socially and biologically complex situation of treating patients with a virus we are still only learning to manage. Syphilis continues to be a challenge to the health of men who have sex with men and people of color as infection rates continue to increase within these substantial subgroups living with HIV. As the resurgence of syphilis continues, a clear understanding of diagnostic testing, disease-staging paradigms, and treatment strategies are necessary for optimal management of the HIV co-infected patient.

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Section: Current Syphilis Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis: Continuing public health and diagnostic challenges

Daskalakis

2008

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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“…Although the prevalence of HIV in the general population remains low at 0.018%, the number of newly reported cases of HIV in MSM more than doubled from 314 in 2001 to 724 in 2012, and it is possible that the number of HIV-positive MSM could reach 10.4% in 2040[ 14 , 15 ]. Therefore, there have been concerns about the increasing trend of anal HPV infection as well as anorectal STIs such as syphilis[ 16 ] and invasive amebiasis[ 17 ]. However, no data are available on the prevalence of anal HPV infection in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection and Risk Factors among HIV-positive Patients in Tokyo, Japan

et al. 2015

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BackgroundOncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly multiple HPV types, is recognized as a necessary cause of anal cancer. However, a limited number of studies have reported the prevalence of anal HPV infection in Asia. We determined the prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors for anal HPV infection in Japanese HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual men, and women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 421 HIV-positive patients. At enrollment, we collected data on smoking, alcohol, co-morbidities, drugs, CD4 cell counts, HIV RNA levels, highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) duration, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and serological screening (syphilis, hepatitis B virus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Entamoeba histolytica). Anal swabs were collected for oncogenic HPV genotyping.ResultsOncogenic HPV rate was 75.9% in MSM, 20.6% in heterosexual men, and 19.2% in women. HPV 16/18 types were detected in 34.9% of MSM, 17.7% of heterosexual men, and 11.5% of women. Multiple oncogenic HPV (≥2 oncogenic types) rate was 54.6% in MSM, 8.8% in heterosexual men, and 0% in women. In univariate analysis, younger age, male sex, MSM, CD4 <100, HIV viral load >50,000, no administration of HAART, and having ≥2 sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were significantly associated with oncogenic HPV infection, whereas higher smoking index and corticosteroid use were marginally associated with oncogenic HPV infection. In multivariate analysis, younger age (OR, 0.98 [0.96–0.99]), MSM (OR, 5.85 [2.33–14.71]), CD4 <100 (OR, 2.24 [1.00–5.01]), and having ≥2 STIs (OR, 2.81 [1.72–4.61]) were independently associated with oncogenic HPV infection. These 4 variables were also significant risk factors for multiple oncogenic HPV infection.ConclusionsAmong Japanese HIV-infected patients, approximately two-thirds of MSM, one-fifth of heterosexual men, and one-fifth of women have anal oncogenic HPV infection. Younger age, MSM, ≥2 STIs, and immunosuppression confer a higher risk of infection with oncogenic HPV and multiple oncogenic types.

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“…For the second reaction of the nested PCR and for the single PCR from plasmids (0.1 pg), RT coding fragments were amplified in two PCR fragments using two 5′ biotinylated primer sets, PS1 and PS2, as described previously [17] . The PS1 primer set produced a 547 bp amplicon that was used to detect M41L, K65R, K70R, and K103N, and the PS2 primer set produced a 512 bp amplicon that was used to detect K103N, M184V, and T215Y/F ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Customization of a Color-Coded Microbeads-Based Assay for Drug Resistance in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase

Kawana-Tachikawa

Shiino

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundDrug resistance (DR) of HIV-1 can be examined genotypically or phenotypically. Although sequencing is the gold standard of the genotypic resistance testing (GRT), high-throughput GRT targeted to the codons responsible for DR may be more appropriate for epidemiological studies and public health research.MethodsWe used a Japanese database to design and synthesize sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP) for the detection of wild-type sequences and 6 DR mutations in the clade B HIV-1 reverse transcriptase region. We coupled SSOP to microbeads of the Luminex 100 xMAP system and developed a GRT based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-SSOP-Luminex method.ResultsSixteen oligoprobes for discriminating DR mutations from wild-type sequences at 6 loci were designed and synthesized, and their sensitivity and specificity were confirmed using isogenic plasmids. The PCR-SSOP-Luminex DR assay was then compared to direct sequencing using 74 plasma specimens from treatment-naïve patients or those on failing treatment. In the majority of specimens, the results of the PCR-SSOP-Luminex DR assay were concordant with sequencing results: 62/74 (83.8%) for M41, 43/74 (58.1%) for K65, 70/74 (94.6%) for K70, 55/73 (75.3%) for K103, 63/73 (86.3%) for M184 and 68/73 (93.2%) for T215. There were a number of specimens without any positive signals, especially for K65. The nucleotide position of A2723G, A2747G and C2750T were frequent polymorphisms for the wild-type amino acids K65, K66 and D67, respectively, and 14 specimens had the D67N mutation encoded by G2748A. We synthesized 14 additional oligoprobes for K65, and the sensitivity for K65 loci improved from 43/74 (58.1%) to 68/74 (91.9%).ConclusionsWe developed a rapid high-throughput assay for clade B HIV-1 DR mutations, which could be customized by synthesizing oligoprobes suitable for the circulating viruses. The assay could be a useful tool especially for public health research in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings.

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Analysis of HIV-1 sequences before and after co-infecting syphilis

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Syphilis: Continuing public health and diagnostic challenges

Syphilis: Continuing public health and diagnostic challenges

Prevalence of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection and Risk Factors among HIV-positive Patients in Tokyo, Japan

Development and Customization of a Color-Coded Microbeads-Based Assay for Drug Resistance in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase

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