Analysis of HIV-1 load in blood, semen and saliva: evidence for different viral compartments in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Virologic and Immunologic Determinants of Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Africa

“…[44][45][46] There is less consensus on the association between plasma viremia and male genital tract HIV-1 levels, where modest or no correlations have been reported. [47][48][49][50] Our data indicate that there are gender differences in the relationship between plasma viral load and transmission. This suggests that the ratio of bloodto-genital compartment viral load may differ in men and women, and highlights the need for further research in this area.…”

“…One previous study showed no female-to-male transmission among women treated with zidovudine, 53 although studies of the effects of antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1 levels in the genital tract have yielded inconsistent findings. 50,[54][55][56] Maintenance antiretroviral therapy is unlikely to be feasible for most resource-limited developing countries, where per capita annual health expenditures may be less than $30. Shortcourse antiretroviral therapy in acutely infected individuals has prompted reductions in setpoint viral loads.…”

Humanes Immunschwächevirus (HIV)

“…HIV-relevante Kompartimente sind Blut, Zerebrospinal-und Genitalsystem (Ejakulat bzw. Vaginalsekret) [65,66].…”

Gynecologic issues in the HIV-infected woman

“…Nevertheless, over 4500 inseminations have been performed worldwide with no horizontal transmissions reported (203). Although it is well documented that the HIV virus is present in semen even in men with undetectable plasma viral loads (208,209), there is no evidence that it can be carried by sperm (210). Typically for these procedures semen is processed through gradient centrifugation followed by a swim-up procedure (205).…”