Analysis of histopathological pattern of thyroid lesions in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Thyroid gland is unique in having a wide spectrum of disorders and these thyroid disorders are common worldwide. However, the thyroid gland lesions vary in their incidence and histopathological patterns. Hence the present study was undertaken to determine thehistopathological pattern of thyroid lesions in Tertiary Care Centre. Total 80 thyroidectomy specimens received in the Pathology Department during a period from January 2018 to December 2019 were included in the study. Detailed information regarding age, gender, clinical status, relevant investigations like fine needle aspiration cytology, thyroid scan, ultrasound reports and operation findings were obtained from histopathology request forms and register. Percentages and simple frequency tables were used for data analysis. Out of 80 thyroidectomy specimens, 64 (80%) were from females and 16 (20%) were from males. The age of patients ranged from 21 to 73 years with a mean age of 43.05±13.55 years. 67 cases (83.75%) were non-neoplastic and 13 cases (16.25%) were neoplastic. The most common non-neoplastic lesions were colloid goiter (36 cases; 45%) followed by multi-nodular goiter (10 cases; 12.5%) whereas most common neoplastic lesions were follicular adenoma (8 cases, 10%) and papillary carcinoma (3; 3.75%). The histopathological evaluation of thyroid lesions is challenging and mandatory as the diagnosis varies from non-neoplastic to rare neoplastic lesions. In the present study, non-neoplastic thyroid lesions were more common than neoplastic ones with female predominance. Most common non-neoplastic lesions were colloid goiter while most common neoplastic lesions were follicular adenoma.