Analysis of high frequency performance of TO‐46 header through three‐dimensional full wave electromagnetic model and circuit model

Abstract

Summary The TO‐46 header has been commonly used for vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and photodetector package. The high‐frequency characteristics of a TO‐46 header were measured using our special K‐type adaptors and simulated through a three‐dimensional full wave electromagnetic simulator. The measurement and simulation results show the TO‐46 header provides a resonance‐free transmission bandwidth over 40‐GHz and reflection loss below −10‐dB within 31‐GHz, with an ideal 50‐Ω terminal. The 25‐Gb/s and 40‐Gb/s eye diagrams through a TO‐46 header were measured using our measurement setup, and the eye diagrams are clear enough. In addition, the single‐end and differential‐end equivalent circuit models of a TO‐46 header were established and verified. The TO‐46 header provides a low‐cost and high‐speed package solution and can be applied in 21‐Gb/s fiber channel technology and 100‐Gb/s (4 × 25‐Gb/s) Ethernet (100 GbE) network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Low‐cost coaxial DFB LD transmitter optical subassembly for 25 Gb/s NRZ and 50 Gb/s PAM‐4 transmissions

“…The structures of some TO-CAN headers for high-speed transmission applications have been designed and analysed through the ANSYS High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software [10,13]. The equivalent circuit models of DFB LDs have also been developed [11,14,15].…”