Analysis of high-frequency distortions in impedance spectra of conducting polyaniline film modified Pt-electrode measured with different cell configurations

The effect of the PANI-free volume on impedance response

“…In this work, the potential amplitude of the superimposed ac signal was 5 mV and the frequency range was from 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz. The cables and contacts were checked prior to the high frequency response because of additional impedance(s) [30], which occurs during the work with electrodes of high capacitance and low impedance [31,32]. To avoid proton movements during PANI impedance response, potentials higher than 0.35 V [23] were applied.…”

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for Polymer Characterization

“…The deviations of the impedance responses [24,54,60,72,74,76,82,89,101,102,106,110,119,128,139,140,161,172,178] from those predicted by the theories have been explained by taking into account different effects such as interactions between redox sites [85,119], ionic relaxation processes [167], distribution of diffusion coefficients [161], migration [26,37,107,130,131,178], film swelling [108,168,190], slow reaction with solution species [38,108], nonuniform film thickness [106], inhomogeneous oxidation/reduction processes [76], experimental artifacts [82], and so on.…”

On the Fletcher's two-terminal equivalent network of a three-terminal electrochemical cell

“…The Fletcher's model was used by Horvat-Radosevic and Kvastek [5][6][7] to account for artifacts in their impedances of polyaniline deposited on Pt. It was also referred to by Valoen et al [8] in the context of inductive artifacts of electrochemical impedances and by Fafilek in his analysis of instrumental aspects of EIS measurements [1].…”