Analysis of hepatic transcript profile and plasma lipid profile in early lactating dairy cows fed grape seed and grape marc meal extract

Abstract

BackgroundIt was recently reported that dairy cows fed a polyphenol-rich grape seed and grape marc meal extract (GSGME) during the transition period had an increased milk yield, but the underlying reasons remained unclear. As polyphenols exert a broad spectrum of metabolic effects, we hypothesized that feeding of GSGME influences metabolic pathways in the liver which could account for the positive effects of GSGME in dairy cows. In order to identify these pathways, we performed genome-wide transcript profiling in the liver and lipid profiling in plasma of dairy cows fed GSGME during the transition period at 1 week postpartum.ResultsTranscriptomic analysis of the liver revealed 207 differentially expressed transcripts, from which 156 were up- and 51 were down-regulated, between cows fed GSGME and control cows. Gene set enrichment analysis of the 155 up-regulated mRNAs showed that the most enriched gene ontology (GO) biological process terms were dealing with cell cycle regulation and the most enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were p53 signaling and cell cycle. Functional analysis of the 43 down-regulated mRNAs revealed that a great part of these genes are involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) and inflammatory processes. Accordingly, protein folding, response to unfolded protein, unfolded protein binding, chemokine activity and heat shock protein binding were identified as one of the most enriched GO biological process and molecular function terms assigned to the down-regulated genes. In line with the transcriptomics data the plasma concentrations of the acute phase proteins serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin were reduced in cows fed GSGME compared to control cows. Lipidomic analysis of plasma revealed no differences in the concentrations of individual species of major and minor lipid classes between cows fed GSGME and control cows.ConclusionsAnalysis of hepatic transcript profile in cows fed GSGME during the transition period at 1 week postpartum indicates that polyphenol-rich feed components are able to inhibit ER stress-induced UPR and inflammatory processes, both of which are considered to contribute to liver-associated diseases and to impair milk performance in dairy cows, in the liver of dairy cows during early lactation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3638-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of insect meal from Tenebrio molitor L. in growing pigs by transcriptomics, metabolomics and lipidomics

“…Transcript profiling in liver and gastrocnemius muscle was carried out for 6 randomly selected pigs per group. Following an RNA quality check using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent technologies, Böblingen, Germany), the total RNA samples were processed at the Kompetenzzentrum Fluoreszente Bioanalytik (Regensburg, Germany) using an Affymetrix GeneChip Porcine Gene 1.0 Sense Target array, which represents 19,212 porcine genes, according to the manufacturer's instructions as described [23]. The average RNA integrity number (RIN) values of all samples (n = 18, means ± SD) were 7.91 ± 0.28 (liver) and 7.72 ± 0.41 (gastrocnemius muscle).…”

“…The average RNA integrity number (RIN) values of all samples (n = 18, means ± SD) were 7.91 ± 0.28 (liver) and 7.72 ± 0.41 (gastrocnemius muscle). Following microarray hybridization, analysis of microarray data including background correction and normalization of probe cell intensity data using the Robust Multichip Analysis (RMA) algorithm [24] was carried out as described [23]. The microarray data have been deposited in MIAME compliant format in the NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus public repository [25]; GEO accession nos.…”

“…Transcripts were defined as differentially expressed when the fold-change (FC) between group IM10 vs. and group CON was > 1.2 or < − 1.2 and the Pvalue of the unpaired Student's t-test (two-tailed distribution, two-sample equal variance) was < 0.05. Similar cut-off FCs have been also used in other animal studies dealing with effects of dietary treatment [23,26]. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed with the identified differentially expressed transcripts in order to identify enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms within GO category biological process using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) 6.8 bioinformatic resource [27,28].…”

Hepatic transcript profiling in early-lactation dairy cows fed rumen-protected niacin during the transition from late pregnancy to lactation

“…For microarray analysis, 9 total RNA samples per group were used. Total RNA samples were processed according to the GeneChip WT Plus Reagent Kit (Affymetrix, High Wycombe, UK) as recently described in detail (Gessner et al, 2017). The Bovine Gene 1.0 Sense Target array (Affymetrix), representing approximately 23,000 bovine transcripts, was used.…”

Effect of lifelong carnitine supplementation on plasma and tissue carnitine status, hepatic lipid metabolism and stress signalling pathways and skeletal muscle transcriptome in mice at advanced age

“…RNA integrity number values were 7•4 (SD 0•7, n 5) and 7•5 (SD 0•3, n 5) for the control group and the carnitine group, respectively. RNA samples were processed at the 'Kompetenzzentrum Fluoreszente Bioanalytik' (Regensburg) using Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 2.0 Sense Target arrays as described (32) . The microarray data have been submitted in MIAME compliant format to the NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus public repository (33) (GEO accession no.…”