Analysis of Heavy Metal in Electrocoagulated Metal Hydroxide Sludge (EMHS) from the Textile Industry by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF)

Abstract

Environmental pollution due to discharges of heavy metal containing sludge from textile industries is a common nuisance in Bangladesh, where no treatment of sludge is carried out before final disposals. Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) was employed in the present study to analyze the heavy metal content of Electrocoagulated Metal Hydroxide Sludge (EMHS) collected from a composite textile industry. Thirteen heavy metals, viz., Mn, Ti, Cu, Zn, Ni, Sr, V, Cr, Zr, Hg, Cd, Nb and Ga, were detected. Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd exceeded the permissible limit to apply the EMHS in agricultural land. Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn were compared to the values of the European legislation to evaluate the environmental risk and to classify the wastes as inert wastes or as wastes that have to be control landfilled. EMHS was categorized as class I and needs to be deposited in controlled landfills.

Spatial distribution and source identification of heavy metal pollution in roadside surface soil: a study of Dhaka Aricha highway, Bangladesh

“…EDXRF is equipped with a rhodium (Rh) anode along with an assembly of eight filters (Al, cellulose, Cu thick, Cu thin, No, Pd medium, Pd thick, Pd thin), and a Si (Li) detector (with a 15-mm 2 area and less than an equal 76-μm beryllium window) was used for the determination of elements of the samples (Adyel et al 2012). The sample is positioned in the Teflon cup assemblies.…”

Reuse Feasibility of Electrocoagulated Metal Hydroxide Sludge of Textile Industry in the Manufacturing of Building Blocks

“…Geoengineering, elemental, thermal, and morphological/microstructural analysis of samples were carried out using British Standard 1377 [26], ARL QUANT'X EDXRF (Thermo Scientific, USA), TG/DTA 6300 (Seiko Instruments Inc, Japan) at a heating range of 30 ∘ C ∼ 1150 ∘ C at 20 ∘ C/minute in pure nitrogen gas medium, and Scanning Electron Microscope (HITACHI S-3400N, Japan), respectively. Detailed procedures were discussed elsewhere [1][2][3].…”

“…Degradation of environmental quality due to unrestricted and objectionable discharges of sludge from industrial unit is a common practice in developing countries like Bangladesh where little or no treatment of waste residue is carried out before disposals in landfill site haphazardly or openly. Although textile and dyeing sector is a vital part of economic development, speedy and unplanned progress may result in a wide impact on natural resources and human being living within the close vicinity of the sludge disposal locations [1][2][3]. Electrocoagulated Metal Hydroxide Sludge (EMHS) produces during the treatment of waste effluent of the industry by electrocoagulation (EC) technique [4], where sacrificial anodes made of aluminum or iron corrode to release active coagulant precursors [5][6][7].…”

Disseminating Textile Sludge Induced Heavy Metal Contamination and Associated Health Risks in Context of Dhaka, Bangladesh

“…Sludge is considered to be one of the most objectionable industrial discharged compounds that create environmental degradation and pose human health threat (Adyel et al, 2012a;Adyel et al, 2012b;Adyel, 2012c). Exports of textiles, clothing and ready-made garments (RMG) are the major export sectors of Bangladesh contributing to 80% of total national earning and 15% of total GDP (Adnan et al, 2015).…”