Analysis of heat treatment parameters on the properties of selected tool steels M390 and M398 produced with powder metallurgy

Cíger, Róbert; Barényi, Igor; Krbaťa, Michal

doi:10.21062/mft.2021.098

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Due to that fact it will be necessary to analyse materials by the scanning with using the SEM method. Therefore, a microstructural analysis of the SEM was also observed, which was carried out by part of the current author's team and published in the paper [11]. Therefore, this article and performed research also builds on previous experiments in this area of intermetallic PM steels and continues with the technological part of the research.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Fig. 2a SEM microstructure of M390 steel [11] Machining experiment was performed in the CNC machine tool AERO MT 300L with control system FANUC Series Oi-TC (Fig. 3a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 2b SEM microstructure of M398 steel [11] This way it was chosen to prove measured average values of roughness with rounding to two decimal places. Later photo shooting of chips was done by Olympus OMD-EM1 Mk.III camera with M. Zuiko Digital ED 60MM F2.8 Macro lens with aperture set to f 8.0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Roughness, Topography, Accuracy, Chip Formation Analysis & Investigation of M390 and M398 Steels after Hard Machining

Majerík¹,

Majerský²,

Barényi³

et al. 2023

Manufacturing Technology

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Article deals with processing of intermetallic materials produced by powder metallurgy M390 and M398 Microclean® produced by Böhler. Main interest is the analysis & measurement of their surface roughness and topography after the processing by DNMG and WNMG geometry of cutting inserts with 0.4 and 0.8 mm radius after hard turning at the same process parameters for both materials and all types of cutting inserts. The comparative studies were carried out for the microgeometrical and chip formation research on the machined surfaces and the technological processes were assessed, including chip diagrams. Spectral analysis was used to verify the composition of investigated materials by spectral analysis measuring device. In order to examine the surfaces in detail, in addition to the standard roughness measurement, surface topography was performed by the coherent correlation interferometric microscope. The results of surface roughness as well as topography show higher wear resistance of M398 material compared to M390. This was confirmed indirectly by the fact that it is primarily shown by the higher surface roughness of M398 after machining under the same conditions. These properties are obtained by a higher content of additive elements, respectively of their carbides. Based on the conclusions of these experiments, additional knowledge and recommendations for the processing of these materials were created.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Fig. 2a SEM microstructure of M390 steel [11] Machining experiment was performed in the CNC machine tool AERO MT 300L with control system FANUC Series Oi-TC (Fig. 3a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Roughness, Topography, Accuracy, Chip Formation Analysis & Investigation of M390 and M398 Steels after Hard Machining

Majerík¹,

Majerský²,

Barényi³

et al. 2023

Manufacturing Technology

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“…Steels are produced using powder metallurgy with the HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) method [ 11 ]. The description of the production process is described in the publication by Ciger et al [ 12 ]. Due to the production method and chemical composition, the steel provides extremely high resistance to mechanical wear as well as corrosion resistance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Tribological Properties of Powdered Tool Steels M390 and M398 in Contact with Al2O3

et al. 2022

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The present article examines special steels used for the production of injection screws in the plastic industry, with a glass fiber content of up to 30%. Experimental materials, M390 and M398, are classified as tool steels, which are produced by powder metallurgy-HIP methods (hot isostatic pressing). The main goal of the presented paper is to propose the optimal tempered temperature of M398 steel and also to compare the tribological properties of both materials and to determine the degree of their wear depending on their final heat treatment. Partial results refer to the analysis of hardness, roughness, the overall wear mechanism, the change in the volume of retained austenite due to the tempering temperature, and the EDS analysis of the worn surfaces in individual contact pairs. A ceramic ball Al2O3 in the α phase was used as the contact material, which had a diameter of 6.35 mm. The ceramic ball performed a rotational movement on the experimental material surface at an elevated temperature of 200 °C using the dry ball-on-disk method. It was experimentally shown that the new M398 material can fully replace the M390 material because it exhibits significantly better tribological properties. The M398 material showed more than a 400% reduction in wear compared to the M390 material. The ideal heat treatment consisted of cryogenic quenching to −78 °C and a tempering temperature of 400 °C. At tempering temperatures of 200 and 400 °C, adhesive wear occurred, which was combined with abrasive wear at a tempered temperature of 600 °C. The averaged coefficient of friction (COF) results show that the M398 material presents less resistance in the friction process and its values are approximately 0.25, while the M390 material showed a COF value of 0.3 after the cryogenic hardening process. The friction surface roughness of the M398 materials also showed lower values compared to the M390 material by approximately 35%. Both of these results are related to the content of M7C3 and MC carbide particles based on Cr and V in the bulk of the material, which are in favor of the M398 material.

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“…The samples were cooled at eight rates of 100, 10, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 °C/s, respectively. In this regard, the given cooling rates were chosen to cover the full range of anticipated phase transformations in the investigated material [ 30 ]. Deformation of the sample occurred at the end of the holding stage at an austenitizing temperature of 950 °C and its rate was set to 0.1 s −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Austenite Decomposition of a Lean Medium Mn Steel Suitable for Quenching and Partitioning Process: Comparison of CCT and DCCT Diagram and Their Microstructural Changes

et al. 2022

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The present work deals with the dilatometric study of a hot-rolled 0.2C3Mn1.5Si lean medium Mn steel, mainly suitable for the quenching and partitioning (Q&P) heat treatment in both hot-rolled or cold-rolled condition, subjected to a variation of austenitization temperature. These investigations were performed in a temperature range of 800–1200 °C. In this context, the martensite transformation start temperature (Ms) was determined as a function of austenitization temperature and in turn obtained prior austenite grain size (PAGS). The results show rise in prior austenite grain size due to increasing austenitization temperature, resulting in elevated Ms temperatures. Measured dilatation curves were confronted with the metallographic analysis by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The present paper also focuses on the construction of a continuous cooling transformation (CCT) and deformation continuous cooling transformation (DCCT) diagram of the investigated lean medium Mn steel in a range of cooling rates from 100 to 0.01 °C/s and their subsequent comparison. By comparing these two diagrams, we observed an overall shift of the DCCT diagram to shorter times compared to the CCT diagram, which represents an earlier formation of phase transformations with respect to the individual cooling rates. Moreover, the determination of individual phase fractions in the CCT and DCCT mode revealed that the growth stage of ferrite and bainite is decelerated by deformation, especially for intermediate cooling rates. Microstructural changes corresponding to cooling were also observed using SEM to provide more detailed investigation of the structure and present phases identification as a function of cooling rate. Moreover, the volume fractions obtained from the saturation magnetization method (SMM) are compared with data from X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The discussion of the data suggests that magnetization measurements lead to more reliable results and a more sensitive detection of the retained austenite than XRD measurements. In that regard, the volume fraction of retained austenite increased with a decrease of cooling rate as a result of larger volume fraction of ferrite and bainite. The hardness of the samples subjected to the deformation was slightly higher compared to non-deformed samples. The reason for this was an evident grain refinement after deformation.

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Analysis of heat treatment parameters on the properties of selected tool steels M390 and M398 produced with powder metallurgy

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Surface Roughness, Topography, Accuracy, Chip Formation Analysis & Investigation of M390 and M398 Steels after Hard Machining

Surface Roughness, Topography, Accuracy, Chip Formation Analysis & Investigation of M390 and M398 Steels after Hard Machining

Analysis of Tribological Properties of Powdered Tool Steels M390 and M398 in Contact with Al2O3

Austenite Decomposition of a Lean Medium Mn Steel Suitable for Quenching and Partitioning Process: Comparison of CCT and DCCT Diagram and Their Microstructural Changes

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