Analysis of HBV and COVID‐19 Coinfection Model with Intervention Strategies

Abstract

Coinfection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and COVID-19 is a common public health problem throughout some nations in the world. In this study, a mathematical model for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and COVID-19 coinfection is constructed to investigate the effect of protection and treatment mechanisms on its spread in the community. Necessary conditions of the proposed model nonnegativity and boundedness of solutions are analyzed. We calculated the model reproduction numbers and carried out the local stabilities of disease-free equilibrium points whenever the associated reproduction number is less than unity. Using the well-known Castillo-Chavez criteria, the disease-free equilibrium points are shown to be globally asymptotically stable whenever the associated reproduction number is less than unity. Sensitivity analysis proved that the most influential parameters are transmission rates. Moreover, we carried out numerical simulation and shown results: some parameters have high spreading effect on the disease transmission, single infections have great impact on the coinfection transmission, and using protections and treatments simultaneously is the most effective strategy to minimize and also to eradicate the HBV and COVID-19 coinfection spreading in the community. It is concluded that to control the transmission of both diseases in a population, efforts must be geared towards preventing incident infection with either or both diseases.

Impacts of optimal control strategies on the HBV and COVID-19 co-epidemic spreading dynamics

“…Different studies reveal that HBV is one of the microbial pathogenic viruses that commonly influencing the work of individuals’ liver and has been a cause for death of millions of individuals with its chronic stages liver cirrhosis and cancer 3 , 4 . HBV spreads in the population through direct and indirect transmission like with blood contact or fluids of infectious people or during child birth 2 , 5 .…”

“…The study investigates the fluctuation of the stochastic model HBV and COVID-19 co-epidemic disease-free equilibrium point using Lyapunov function method and the numerical results justifies the qualitative results. Teklu 2 formulated and examined the HBV and COVID-19 co-infection compartmental model to investigate the effects of some prevention and controlling strategies without applying optimal control theory. Li et al 52 constructed the generalized COVID-19 deterministic model to investigate the epidemiological characteristics.…”

“…Li et al 52 constructed the generalized COVID-19 deterministic model to investigate the epidemiological characteristics. Studies carried out in references 2 , 3 , 26 , 28 , 51 investigated the co-existence spreading of HBV and COVID-19.…”

Analysis and simulation study of the HIV/AIDS model using the real cases

“…The authors in [31] investigated the effect of model parameter values on the number of reproductions for HIV/AIDS disease by simulating various scenarios numerically and identified the most sensitive parameters. By applying the Castillo-Chavez criteria, the authors of [32] demonstrated that the disease-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable on a global scale whenever the associated reproduction number is less than one. Recently, the Castillo-Chavez criteria were again used by the authors of [33] to demonstrate the global stability of the models' disease-free equilibrium points.…”