Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract

Gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy volunteers was analyzed by the method of high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of bacterial genomes. In patients with Parkinson's diseases, changes in the content of 9 genera and 15 species of microorganisms were revealed: reduced content of Dorea, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides massiliensis, Stoquefichus massiliensis, Bacteroides coprocola, Blautia glucerasea, Dorea longicatena, Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides plebeus, Prevotella copri, Coprococcus eutactus, and Ruminococcus callidus, and increased content of Christensenella, Catabacter, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, Bifidobacterium, Christensenella minuta, Catabacter hongkongensis, Lactobacillus mucosae, Ruminococcus bromii, and Papillibacter cinnamivorans. This microbiological pattern of gut microflora can trigger local inflammation followed by aggregation of α-synuclein and generation of Lewy bodies.

Gut Vibes in Parkinson's Disease: The Microbiota‐Gut‐Brain Axis

“…However, specific Clostridium species were reduced . Moreover, Bacteroides showed lower abundance at the genus and species levels, except in the Keshavarzian and colleagues study . Finally, bacteria from the family Ruminococcaceae were more elevated in feces of PD patients compared to controls, including most Ruminococcaceae genera, except for Ruminococcus , which showed to be reduced .…”

“…Moreover, Bacteroides showed lower abundance at the genus and species levels, except in the Keshavarzian and colleagues study . Finally, bacteria from the family Ruminococcaceae were more elevated in feces of PD patients compared to controls, including most Ruminococcaceae genera, except for Ruminococcus , which showed to be reduced . Two studies reported reduced levels of Ruminococcaceae, although they missed the level of significance (Supporting Information Table S2).…”

“…In addition, Keshavarzian and colleagues observed a nonsignificant decrease in Prevotella in mucosal biopsies of PD patients . Other differences in bacterial abundances less characterized across the studies reviewed included an elevation of Oscillospira , contrary to the Johnson and colleagues findings, and Anaerotruncus ; whereas Dorea and Roseburia showed lowered levels in PD groups.…”

“…On one hand, the levels of Akkermansia were significantly increased in feces of PD patients compared to control groups in four studies, with particular mention to the increase in Akkermansia muciniphila . Multiple studies also revealed an increase in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus , aligning with the increase in the abundance of these bacteria in the colon and small intestine of rotenone‐treated rats and in stool samples of rotenone‐treated mice . On the other hand, the abundances of genera such as Faecalibacterium (including the species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ), Blautia (including the species Blautia glucerase ), and Prevotella (including Prevotella levels with a remarkable but nonsignificant reduction) were significantly impoverished in fecal samples of PD patients.…”

“…To date, 13 studies have described gut bacterial changes in fecal samples of PD patients, including one longitudinal study (Supporting Information Tables S1 and S2).…”