Analysis of ground surface settlement induced by the construction of a large-diameter shield-driven tunnel in Shanghai, China

Quantitative Analysis of Soil Displacement Induced by Ground Loss and Shield Machine Mechanical Effect in Metro Tunnel Construction

“…2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 16 stratum displacement. Therefore, how to evaluate and control the stratum displacement has always been a concern for engineers [10][11][12]. The important of this problem has prompted researchers to study many methods for predicting stratum displacement induced by shield tunneling.…”

“…Although shield tunneling has many advantages as mentioned above, and the construction technology has made great progress in many years, due to the defects of geological conditions and construction technology, the advance of shield tunneling will inevitably create a disturbance, change the stress state of soil and cause stratum displacement. Therefore, how to evaluate and control the stratum displacement has always been a concern for engineers [10][11][12].…”

“…However, most previous studies only consider the stratum displacement caused by ground loss factors, ignoring the influence of mechanical factors without clear theoretical basis [7,8,17,21]. A few studies containing mechanical factors are not thorough enough, and they are usually shown in the form of total displacement without the quantitative analysis of the proportion of stratum displacement caused by each factor [6,9,10]. In this paper, based on the engineering project of an interval tunnel between Shizishan Station and Chuanshi Station in Chengdu Metro Line 7, China, combining Loganathan empirical formula and mirror source-sink method, the stratum displacement caused by ground loss factors is calculated.…”

An Improved Method for Predicting the Greenfield Stratum Movements Caused by Shield Tunnel Construction

“…Because of the high density of buildings in cities, the construction of the metro will cause stratum movement and bring adverse effects on ground buildings. Especially when passing through high-rise buildings, the disturbance caused by construction on Over the years, previous researchers have done numerous studies on the effects of shield tunnel construction on stratum displacement [13][14][15][16][17][18]. In the direction of theoretical research, Peck assumed that the curve of land settlement trough satisfies the conditions of Gauss distribution and invariant stratum volume, and deduced Peck's empirical formula based on many field monitoring data [19].…”

Risk Analysis of the Impact of Metro Construction Activities on Cultural Relics

“…。涉及到地 下工程的影响，长安大学的苗永杰就盾构法开挖对地表 文物的影响及其保护措施进行了相应的分析 [2] 。具体到工 程案例而言，西安地铁工程是较为典型的文物保护案例， 例如 2 号线在环城路内先后穿越了明城墙安远门、钟楼以 及永宁门三处明代建筑以及护城河 [3] ，整条线路所涉及到 的文物分布密度较大。针对该处典型文物保护案例，杨 开忠就具体的影响因素以及相应的保护措施进行了研究 [4] ， 西安建筑科技大学的狄文莉和常海青则就此建立了相应 的评估体系，进一步指导评价设计施工过程中的文物保 护工作 [5,6] 。 地铁建设对文物的影响主要表现在两方面，分别是施 工开挖过程中所造成的地表沉降以及运营过程中列车运 行所产生的振动。地下工程施工所造成的地面沉降方面， 王帆等人分析了大断面公路隧道在黄土地层开挖过程之 中的沉降变形规律 [7] ，颜治国则就地铁施工对黄土地层沉 降所造成的影响进行了系统分析，并讨论了处理应对方 案 [8] ；软土地层方面，龚江飞和钟铮分别就天津和上海地 区软土沉降的以及对地标建筑的影响进行了分析 [9,10] 。地 铁车辆振动方面，孟昭博和钱春宇等人就西安地铁工程 中列车的振动对地表文物建筑的影响进行了分析 [11,12] ， 贾颖绚等人则分析了北京地铁列车振动荷载对文物的影 响，并提出了相应减少影响的措施 [13] 。 就文物建筑保护而言，历史建筑与地铁隧道工程之间 的冲突需要得到长期妥善处理。因此，在分析地铁对历史 建筑可能带来的不良影响后，迫切需要提出一种互利的 途径。众所周知，盾构法是地铁等地下工程的主要施工 方法。然而，地下隧道不可避免地会引起不同程度的地 面向开挖方向移动，并导致地表沉降 [14] 。近年来国内外 众多学者对盾构隧道的沉降进行了大量的预测研究 [15,16] 。 将现有结构和环境的地面沉降可能产生的不利影响降至 最低的一个基本要素是预测地面沉降剖面的能力 [17] 。通 常，地表沉降可采用经验或半经验方法、分析方法和数 值方法进行估算 [18] 。本文以西安城墙为例，采用三维数 值模拟方法对地铁施工引起的沉降进行评价。 除了沉降之外，振动还破坏了地铁运营期间的历史建 筑。地铁诱发振动是近年来研究的热点问题。Krylova 和 Ferguson(1994)建立了一个分析模型，研究准静态荷载 通过轨道和枕木传播到土壤中的影响 [19] 。另一方面，尽 管计算方法繁琐，计算时间长，计算资源大，但基于有 限元方法的数值模型常常被用于预测地铁诱发振动 [20] 。 在有限元函数的推广之后，许多改进的数值模型被广泛 地应用。例如，Hall(2003)运用有限元模型来预测瑞典 高速铁路中的铁路诱发振动，然后将结果与现场测量结 果进行比较 [21]…”