Analysis of ground reaction forces and muscle activity in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during different running strike patterns

Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Ali; Pourrahimghoroghchi, Ameneh; Darvishani, Mohammad Abdollahpour; Aali, Shirin; Dionisio, Valdeci Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.09.167

Cited by 7 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The filtered data was smoothed using a moving average (Cheng et al, 2020a). The peak values of GRF in entire movement cycle were computed, while the impulse values of GRF were separately computed for the stance and swing phases, as well as for the entire movement cycle (Golyski et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2020;Jafarnezhadgero et al, 2021).…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel balance training approach: Biomechanical study of virtual reality-based skateboarding

Kantha

Hsu²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Introduction: The use of virtual reality (VR) technology in training and rehabilitation gained increasing attention in recent years due to its potential to provide immersive and interactive experiences. We developed a novel VR-based balance training, VR-skateboarding, for improving balance. It is important to investigate the biomechanical aspects of this training, as it would have benefited both health professionals and software engineers.Aims: This study aimed to compare the biomechanical characteristics of VR-skateboarding with those of walking.Materials and Methods: Twenty young participants (10 males and 10 females) were recruited. Participants underwent VR-skateboarding and walking at the comfortable walking speed, with the treadmill set at the same speed for both tasks. The motion capture system and electromyography were used to determine joint kinematics and muscle activity of the trunk and legs, respectively. The force platform was also used to collect the ground reaction force.Results: Participants demonstrated increased trunk flexion angles and muscle activity of trunk extensor during VR-skateboarding than during walking (p < 0.01). For the supporting leg, participants’ joint angles of hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion, as well as muscle activity of knee extensor, were higher during VR-skateboarding than during walking (p < 0.01). For the moving leg, only hip flexion increased in VR-skateboarding when compared to walking (p < 0.01). Furthermore, participants increased weight distribution in the supporting leg during VR-skateboarding (p < 0.01).Conclusion: VR-skateboarding is a novel VR-based balance training that has been found to improve balance through increased trunk and hip flexion, facilitated knee extensor muscles, and increased weight distribution on the supporting leg compared to walking. These differences in biomechanical characteristics have potential clinical implications for both health professionals and software engineers. Health professionals may consider incorporating VR-skateboarding into training protocols to improve balance, while software engineers may use this information to design new features in VR systems. Our study suggests that the impact of VR-skateboarding particularly manifest when focusing on the supporting leg.

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Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel balance training approach: Biomechanical study of virtual reality-based skateboarding

Kantha

Hsu²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Medium risk of bias was found for over 2/3 of the studies (22/32, 68.7%) [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 12 , 21 , 26 – 28 , 34 , 41 , 46 , 49 , 61 , 69 , 80 , 86 , 90 – 92 , 96 , 101 ], 4/32 (12.5%) were of high methodological quality [ 10 , 62 , 78 , 79 ] and 6/32 studies (18.8%) were of low quality [ 39 , 72 , 81 , 82 , 89 , 109 ] (Supplementary Tables S 1 -S 3 ). The main reasons for a medium to low methodological quality were due to unclear description of participants and/or prior interventions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Running studies were case–control [ 34 , 46 , 89 , 91 ] or case series [ 90 , 92 ] (Table 1 ). Jumping studies were case–control [ 3 , 4 , 7 , 12 , 21 , 26 , 28 , 39 , 49 , 61 , 69 , 72 , 80 – 82 , 86 , 96 , 101 ] and case series [ 27 , 41 , 62 , 78 , 79 ] (Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample size for the ACLR participants, ranged from n = 1 [ 109 ] to a maximum of n = 65 [ 78 ]. Running studies recruited exclusively males [ 34 , 46 , 89 – 92 ] receiving the median or medial 1/3 of the bone-patella tendon-bone (BPTB) [ 89 – 92 ], hamstrings HS [ 46 ] or a mixed BPTB and (HS) [ 34 ] grafts and their activity level was mainly amateur soccer players [ 89 – 92 ] (Table 1 ). Jumping studies recruited exclusively males [ 12 , 27 , 28 , 41 , 72 , 96 , 101 ], females [ 80 – 82 ] or both males and females [ 3 , 4 , 7 , 21 , 39 , 49 , 61 , 62 , 69 , 78 , 79 , 86 ] receiving BPTB [ 39 , 86 , 101 ], hamstrings HS [ 41 , 69 , 80 ] or mixed BPTB and (HS) [ 3 , 4 , 7 , 12 , 21 , 27 , 28 , 49 , 61 , 62 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 96 ] grafts and included mostly some form of active sport-participants (Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuromuscular activity of the lower‐extremities during running, landing and changing‐of‐direction movements in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of electromyographic studies

et al. 2023

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Purpose Running, jumping/landing and cutting/change of direction (CoD) are critical components of return to sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), however the electromyographic (EMG) activity patterns of the operated leg during the execution of these tasks are not clear. Methods A systematic review was conducted to retrieve EMG studies during running, jumping/landing and cutting/(CoD) in ACLR patients. MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched from 2000 to May, 2022 using a combination of keywords and their variations: “anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction” OR “ACLR”, “electromyography” OR “EMG”, “running”, “jumping” OR “landing”, “cutting” OR “change-of-direction” OR “CoD”. The search identified studies comparing EMG data during running, landing and cutting/(CoD) between the involved limb and contralateral or control limbs. Risk of bias was assessed and quantitative analyses using effect sizes were performed. Results Thirty two studies met the inclusion criteria. Seventy five percent (24/32) of the studies reported altered EMG activity pattern of the ACLR leg during running, jumping/landing and cutting/(CoD) when compared with either the healthy control leg or the contra-lateral leg. Twelve studies showed decreased, delayed or earlier onset and delayed peak in quadriceps EMG activity with small to large effect sizes and 9 studies showed increased, delayed or earlier onset and delayed peak in hamstrings EMG activity with small to large effect sizes. Four studies showed a “hamstrings-dominant” strategy i.e. decreased quadriceps coupled with increased hamstrings EMG activity in both running and jumping/landing irrespective of graft type. One study reported that on the grounds of decreased quadriceps activity, lower hamstrings EMG activity was predictive of ipsilateral re-injury in ACLR patients. Conclusion This systematic review of Level III evidence showed that the ACLR leg displays decreased quadriceps or increased hamstrings EMG activity or both despite RTS. Simultaneous decreased quadriceps and increased hamstrings EMG activity was shown for both running and jumping/landing. From a clinical perspective this “hamstrings dominant” strategy can serve as a protective mechanism against graft re-injury. Level of evidence III.

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“…Two independent reviewers examined the risk of bias for all retrieved articles based on the modified version assessment of the Downs and Black Quality Index, which has been used in a previous systematic review evaluating biomechanical studies (Jafarnezhadgero et al, 2021). The assessment form included 20 items, with nine items for information reporting, two items for internal validity, four items for external validity, and five items for selection bias.…”

Section: Quality Assessment Of Selected Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific differences in biomechanics among runners: A systematic review with meta-analysis

2022

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Patellofemoral disorders are more common in female runners compared to their male counterparts. Differences in biomechanical characteristics between groups of runners could provide insight into the causes of higher rates of injury in female versus male runners, which would be useful to physical therapists and athletic trainers in development of individualized injury prevention programs. This review compares the differences in biomechanical characteristics between female and male runners. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched in December 2021 for studies evaluating sex-specific differences in lower limb mechanics of healthy participants during running. Two independent reviewers determined the inclusion and quality of each research paper. Meta-analyses were used where possible. A total of 13 studies were selected. Means and standard deviations of reported data were retrieved from each selected paper for comparison of results. Three biomechanical variables, including dynamics, muscle activation, and kinematics, were compared between female and male runners. However, no differences were found in kinetic variables or muscle activation between groups due to insufficient data available from the selected studies. Meta-analyses of kinematic variables revealed that female runners exhibited significantly greater hip flexion angle, hip adduction angle, and hip internal rotation angle, but smaller knee flexion angle compared to male runners during running. We found significant differences in kinematic variables between female and male runners, which could influence the training advice of physical therapists and athletic trainers who work with runners, and inform the development of injury prevention programs.

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Analysis of ground reaction forces and muscle activity in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during different running strike patterns

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

A novel balance training approach: Biomechanical study of virtual reality-based skateboarding

A novel balance training approach: Biomechanical study of virtual reality-based skateboarding

Neuromuscular activity of the lower‐extremities during running, landing and changing‐of‐direction movements in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of electromyographic studies

Sex-specific differences in biomechanics among runners: A systematic review with meta-analysis

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