Analysis of GNSS-R Code-Level Altimetry Using QZSS C/A, L1C, and BDS B1C Signals and Their Combinations in a Coastal Experiment

Wang, Nazi; He, Kaifei; Gao, Fan; Chu, Ti; Hou, Jirui; Xu, Tianhe

doi:10.1109/jstars.2023.3274570

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For cGNSS-R, we have designed a GNSS-R SDR based on Matlab for sea surface altimetry and soil moisture monitoring. This SDR can process L1, L2, L5, B1, and B2 band signals, and several ship-borne [51], coastal [52,116,117], and land-borne [118] experiments have verified its satisfactory performance. Because of a lot of cross-correlation in GNSS-R data processing, this SDR can only perform post-processing.…”

Section: Gnss-r Altimetry With Two Antennasmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Especially with the development of the Chinese BDS system, more GEO satellites have been successfully launched, thus affording more GNSS-R observation signals. Third, multi-frequency GNSS signals afford a combination of different signals to reduce several altimetric errors and therefore improve the precision of sea level estimations, which has been verified for GNSS-IR in [29] and two-mode GNSS-R in [117]. The precision of the initial code-delay altimetry was optimal at the decimeter level because of the width limitation of the code chip.…”

Section: Gnss-r Altimetry With Two Antennasmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The experimental results showed that the performance of GNSS-R altimetry based on binary offset carrier modulation signals was better than that of binary phase shift keying. Moreover, the proposed joint weighted GNSS-R altimetry method further improves altimetry precision [117]. Considering the optimal accuracy of shore-based GNSS-R code-delay sea level measurements is only at the decimeter level, Ning et al [121] proposed using Fourier series fitting to optimize the GNSS-R code-delay altimetry results.…”

Section: Gnss-r Altimetry With Two Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the proposed joint weighted GNSS-R altimetry method further improves altimetry precision [117]. Considering the optimal accuracy of shore-based GNSS-R code-delay sea level measurements is only at the decimeter level, Ning et al [121] proposed using Fourier series fitting to optimize the GNSS-R code-delay altimetry results.…”

Section: Gnss-r Altimetry With Two Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GNSS Reflectometry-Based Ocean Altimetry: State of the Art and Future Trends

Xu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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For the past 20 years, Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R) technology has successfully shown its potential for remote sensing of the Earth’s surface, including ocean and land surfaces. It is a multistatic radar that uses the GNSS signals reflected from the Earth’s surface to extract land and ocean characteristics. Because of its numerous advantages such as low cost, multiple signal sources, and all-day/weather and high-spatiotemporal-resolution observations, this new technology has attracted the attention of many researchers. One of its most promising applications is GNSS-R ocean altimetry, which can complement existing techniques such as tide gauging and radar satellite altimetry. Since this technology for ocean altimetry was first proposed in 1993, increasing progress has been made including diverse methods for processing reflected signals (such as GNSS interferometric reflectometry, conventional GNSS-R, and interferometric GNSS-R), different instruments (such as an RHCP antenna with one geodetic receiver, a linearly polarized antenna, and a system of simultaneously used RHCP and LHCP antennas with a dedicated receiver), and different platform applications (such as ground-based, air-borne, or space-borne). The development of multi-mode and multi-frequency GNSS, especially for constructing the Chinese BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3), has enabled more free signals to be used to further promote GNSS-R applications. The GNSS has evolved from its initial use of GPS L1 and L2 signals to include other GNSS bands and multi-GNSS signals. Using more advanced, multi-frequency, and multi-mode signals will bring new opportunities to develop GNSS-R technology. In this paper, studies of GNSS-R altimetry are reviewed from four perspectives: (1) classifications according to different data processing methods, (2) different platforms, (3) development of different receivers, and (4) our work. We overview the current status of GNSS-R altimetry and describe its fundamental principles, experiments, recent applications to ocean altimetry, and future directions.

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