Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans in the Parametrium and Vaginal Apex of Women with and without Uterine Prolapse

Kati, Léa Mina; Feldner, Paulo Cezar; Castro, Rodrigo Aquino; Kobayashi, Elsa Yoko; Sartori, Marair Grácio Ferreira; Nader, Helena B.; Girão, Manoel Joâo Batista Castello

doi:10.1089/jwh.2009.1567

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The composition of the human UT GAG layer is not fully understood. However, vaginal and gut mucosal epithelia are coated with a layer of excreted, viscous material comprised primarily of amino acids, mucins, various GAGs, and other complex carbohydrates (75,(89)(90)(91)(92). Interestingly, many human commensals, such as species of the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus, known to colonize the UT express enzymes that degrade various extracellular GAGs into smaller metabolizable sugars (93)(94)(95).…”

Section: The Human Urinary Microbiome: An Unexpected Niche Comes Into Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Understanding the Human Urinary Microbiome and Its Potential Role in Urinary Tract Infection

Neugent

Hulyalkar

Nguyen

et al. 2020

mBio

164

130

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Recent advances in the analysis of microbial communities colonizing the human body have identified a resident microbial community in the human urinary tract (UT). Compared to many other microbial niches, the human UT harbors a relatively low biomass. Studies have identified many genera and species that may constitute a core urinary microbiome. However, the contribution of the UT microbiome to urinary tract infection (UTI) and recurrent UTI (rUTI) pathobiology is not yet clearly understood. Evidence suggests that commensal species within the UT and urogenital tract (UGT) microbiomes, such as Lactobacillus crispatus, may act to protect against colonization with uropathogens. However, the mechanisms and fundamental biology of the urinary microbiome-host relationship are not understood. The ability to measure and characterize the urinary microbiome has been enabled through the development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic platforms that allow for the unbiased detection of resident microbial DNA. Translating technological advances into clinical insight will require further study of the microbial and genomic ecology of the urinary microbiome in both health and disease. Future diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic options for the management of UTI may soon incorporate efforts to measure, restore, and/or preserve the native, healthy ecology of the urinary microbiomes.

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Section: The Human Urinary Microbiome: An Unexpected Niche Comes Into Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Understanding the Human Urinary Microbiome and Its Potential Role in Urinary Tract Infection

Neugent

Hulyalkar

Nguyen

et al. 2020

mBio

164

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given the complex vaginal environment where a multitude of secretory factors from both the host and microbes are present, we hypothesize that the abundance of such local factors could potentially interfere with the efficacy of certain exogenous agents. While heparan sulfate is found in various tissues including the vaginal mucosa ( 39 , 40 ), the specific concentrations of heparan sulfate in vaginal secretions of mice and women remain unclear largely due to the lack of reliable immunoassays. Further optimization is needed for in vivo exploration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap-forming capacity contributes to susceptibility to chronic vaginitis in a mouse model of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Yano,

Fidel

2024

Infect Immun

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), caused by Candida albicans, is characterized by aberrant inflammation by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the vaginal lumen. Data from the established murine model shows that despite potent antifungal properties, PMNs fail to clear C. albicans due to local heparan sulfate that inhibits the interaction between PMNs and C. albicans , resulting in chronic vaginal immunopathology. To understand the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in defense against C. albicans at the vaginal mucosa, we investigated the NET-forming capacity of PMNs in chronic VVC-susceptible (CVVC-S/C3H) and -resistant (CVVC-R/CD-1) mouse strains. Immunofluorescence revealed the formation of NETs (release of DNA with PMN-derived antimicrobial proteins) in PMN –C. albicans cocultures using vaginal conditioned medium (VCM) generated from CVVC-R/CD-1 mice, similar to NET-inducing positive controls. Under these NETotic conditions, PMNs released high levels of double-stranded DNA bound with NET-associated proteins, concomitant with substantial C. albicans killing activity. In contrast, PMN –C. albicans cocultures in VCM from CVVC-S/C3H mice lacked NET formation together with reduced antifungal activity. Similar results were observed in vivo : active NET –C. albicans interaction followed by fungal clearance in inoculated CVVC-R/CD-1 mice, and sustained high vaginal fungal burden and no evidence of NETs in inoculated CVVC-S/C3H mice. Furthermore, the level of Ki67 expression, a putative NETotic PMN marker, was significantly reduced in vaginal lavage fluid from CVVC-S/C3H mice compared to CVVC-R/CD-1 mice. Finally, scanning electron microscopy revealed that PMNs in CVVC-R, but not CVVC-S, conditions exhibited NETs in direct contact with C. albicans hyphae in vitro and in vivo . These results suggest that VVC-associated immunopathology includes impaired NET-mediated antifungal activity.

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“…Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a descent of pelvic organs that results in protrusions of the uterus, the vagina, or both. It can affect the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina or uterus or apex of the vagina, usually in some combination (3). It is more common in older women and women who have given birth more than once (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Apoptosis-related Genes in Female Pelvic Supportive Tissues with Regard to Menopausal Status

Saatli,

Kurt,

Cagliyan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose: We aimed to compare expression levels of anti-apoptotic and proapoptotic genes in parametrium, sacrouterine and round ligaments of women without and sign of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with respect to menopausal status. We hypothesized that apoptosis related gene expressions in female pelvic tissues may be altered during menopause. Methods: The study groups consisted of women who did not have POP symptoms pre-menopausal (n=10) and menopausal (n=10). Three different types of tissue samples (Parametrium-Round Ligament-Sacrouterine Ligament) were taken from the cases and RNA was isolated from these tissues. After purifying and quantifying RNA samples, qPCR was used to determine the expression levels of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic genes. Results: BCL-2 gene expression levels were significantly lower in all tissues of menopausal patients compared to all tissues of premenopausal patients. Sacrouterine ligament tissue BAD expression level was significantly high (p= 0.035), BCL-2/BAD ratio was significantly lower in menopausal patients compared to premenopausal patients (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Apoptosis-related protein levels change during menopause, pro-apoptotic gene expressions decrease and anti-apoptotic gene expressions increase. Significant alteration of BCL-2 and BAD expression in sacrouterine ligament with respect to menopausal status was observed, suggesting that sacrouterine ligament which plays a crucial role for restoring normal pelvic anatomy and support for genital organs, could be more affected from menopause rather than other pelvic tissues.

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Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans in the Parametrium and Vaginal Apex of Women with and without Uterine Prolapse

Abstract: This study did not show altered biochemical characteristics in the ECM of parametrium and vaginal apex tissue of women either with or without uterine prolapse.

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Advances in Understanding the Human Urinary Microbiome and Its Potential Role in Urinary Tract Infection

Advances in Understanding the Human Urinary Microbiome and Its Potential Role in Urinary Tract Infection

Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap-forming capacity contributes to susceptibility to chronic vaginitis in a mouse model of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Alteration of Apoptosis-related Genes in Female Pelvic Supportive Tissues with Regard to Menopausal Status

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