Analysis of genome instability in offspring of Mayak workers’ families: Minisatellite CEB

Rusinova, Galina; Glazkova, Irina; Azizova, Tamara V.; Osovets, S. V.; Vyazovskaya, N. S.

doi:10.1134/s102279541411012x

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Another potential argument in favor of DDREF lowering is the significant increase in the minisatellite DNA mutation rate found in children of workers at the Mayak facility (mean parental gonadal dose 1.65 Gy protracted over many years) [69] or residents of contaminated territories after the Chernobyl accident [70][71][72][73][74] (mean whole-body doses in different areas up to 18 mSv, overviewed in [12]). At the same time, minisatellite mutations were not observed after acute external irradiation in the offspring of cancer survivors, of A-bomb survivors, or after protracted exposures of Chernobyl clean-up workers [75].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose and dose-rate effectiveness of radiation: first objectivity then conclusions

Jargin¹

2016

J Environ Occup Sci

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This letter comments on the ongoing re-evaluation of the dose and dose rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) equal to 2.0, currently recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The topics of DDREF and threshold are related to the linear no-threshold theory (LNT), which does not take into account that DNA damage and repair are in dynamic equilibrium probably reached in a long term. Living organisms must have been adapted by natural selection to the today's background level of radiation or to some average from the past, when the radiation background was higher. Dosedependent self-selection of exposed people and other biases common in epidemiological studies, cited in support of the DDREF lowering, are discussed here. In conclusion, the LNT and underestimation of DDREF tend to exaggerate radiationrelated health risks at low dose and dose rates exposures. Future risk estimates should be based on direct comparisons of experimental data from acute and protracted exposures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose and dose-rate effectiveness of radiation: first objectivity then conclusions

Jargin¹

2016

J Environ Occup Sci

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“…This may pertain also to some reports cited in [2,25]. Similar biases might have been active in some studies correlating radiation exposure and minisatellite mutations in the offspring of exposed parents [58,59]. Studies of that kind have been commented previously [11,60].…”

Section: Discussion Around Dose and Dose Rate Effectiveness Factor (Dmentioning

confidence: 92%

Biological Effectiveness of Ionizing Radiation: Acute vs. Protracted Exposures

2016

J Environ Stud

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This letter refers to the current discussion around re-evaluation of the dose and dose rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) equal to 2, presently recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The topics of the threshold, hormesis and DDREF are interrelated with the linear no-threshold theory (LNT). The LNT does not take into account that DNA damage and repair are permanent processes in dynamic equilibrium. Given the evolutionary prerequisite of best fitness, it would be reasonable to assume that living organisms have been adapted by the natural selection to the background levels of ionizing radiation. Accordingly, there must be an optimal exposure level, as it is for many environmental factors. Several studies cited in the literature in support of the LNT and lowering of the DDREF down to 1 are discussed here. In the author's opinion, the dose-effect relationships with non-neoplastic diseases found in certain exposed populations call in question dose-effect relationships with cancer. Self-selection and other biases in epidemiological studies are discussed. The dose-response relationships should be clarified in largescale experiments involving different animal species. In conclusion, the LNT and under-estimation of DDREF tend to exaggerate radiationrelated health risks at low radiation doses and dose rates. Arguments against Linear No-Threshold Theory (LNT)Radiation-related cancer risk estimates have been primarily based on the data from atomic bomb survivors. To adjust the risk estimates at acute exposures to low dose and continuous (low dose rate) exposures, a dose and dose rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) is used [1]. This letter refers to the discussion around re-evaluation of the DDREF value equal to 2, currently recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) [2]. The topics of the threshold, hormesis and DDREF are interrelated with the linear no-threshold theory (LNT). Hormesis and LNT are considered controversial by many scientists; discussion is in [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The LNT is corroborated by the following arguments: the more tracks go through a cell nucleus, the more DNA damage would result and the higher the risk of malignant transformation would be. "Decreasing the number of damaged cells by a factor of 10 would be expected to decrease the biological response by the same factor of 10" [9]. This concept does not take into account that DNA damage and repair are permanent processes in dynamic equilibrium. Given the evolutionary prerequisite of best fitness, it would be reasonable to assume that living organisms have been adapted by the natural selection to background levels of ionizing radiation [10]. Accordingly, there must be an optimal exposure level, as it is for many environmental factors: visible and ultraviolet light, different chemical elements and compounds [11], as well as the products from radiolysis of water [12]. Evolutionary adaptation to a changing environmental factor would lag behind its current value and correspond to some ...

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Database of Families of Workers Chronically Exposed to Radiation: Data and Biospecimen Resources

et al. 2021

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Animal experiment findings suggest that high doses of ionizing radiation exposure (>1.0 Gy) may cause genetic and epigenetic effects in offspring. However, epidemiological studies of offspring of radiation-exposed parents did not find increased risks of any health effects. Findings of cellular/experimental investigations and studies of human health effects are contradicting, and further investigations are needed to help resolve ambiguities using updated and/or improved data. This paper provides a detailed description of a database of families of workers of the first Russian nuclear facility, Mayak Production Association, located in the Southern Urals in the Chelyabinsk region close to Ozyorsk city, which started its operation in 1948 and today consists of reactors, radiochemical and plutonium production plants, and auxiliary facilities. The Mayak worker cohort includes 22,377 individuals (25% females) who were hired at one of the main Mayak PA facilities between 1948 and 1982 and were externally or internally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods. Advantages of the cohort include its large size, extensive follow-up period (70 y), individually measured doses from external and internal exposure and the wide range of these doses, heterogeneity by gender/age/ethnicity/initial health status, complete data on vital status and causes of death, available medical information on morbidity and reproduction, available data on non-radiation factors, and stored biological specimens donated by more than one-third of the cohort members. Based on medical and dosimetry database “Clinics” containing raw data on workers of the study cohort, the Mayak workers’ family and offspring database was created. To date, it comprises 12,195 family couples (a husband and a wife) and 16,585 offspring. Biological specimens are available for more than 1,000 family triads (a husband, a wife, and their child). Stages of assembling the database and its descriptive characteristics are presented in this paper. Examples of potential applications of the database for investigations of non-targeted and transgenerational radiation effects in offspring of exposed parents are discussed.

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Analysis of genome instability in offspring of Mayak workers’ families: Minisatellite CEB

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Dose and dose-rate effectiveness of radiation: first objectivity then conclusions

Dose and dose-rate effectiveness of radiation: first objectivity then conclusions

Biological Effectiveness of Ionizing Radiation: Acute vs. Protracted Exposures

Database of Families of Workers Chronically Exposed to Radiation: Data and Biospecimen Resources

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