Analysis of genetic relationships between populations of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) by using morphological characterisation and RAPD markers

Abstract

In the present paper genetic relationships of twenty varieties of cashew are described on the basis of morphological characters and RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers. Results obtained for the phenotypic characters based on similarity coefficient were divided into four clusters with 70% similarity. By means of similarity coefficients (S G ), cluster I was found to consist of twelve varieties. Cluster II consisted of a single variety, NRCC-1, cluster III consisted of six varieties and cluster IV had only one variety, Vridhachalam-2. The analysis started by using RAPD markers that allowed us to distinguish 20 varieties. A total of 80 distinct DNA fragments ranging from 0.2 to 3.0 kb were amplified by using 11 selected random 10-mer primers. Genetic similarity analysis was conducted for the presence or absence of bands in the RAPD profile. Cluster analysis clearly showed that 20 varieties of cashew grouped into two major clusters based on similarity indices. The first major cluster comprised one minor cluster. The other major cluster was divided into two sub-minor clusters, one sub-minor cluster having three varieties and the other sub-minor cluster was represented by 15 varieties. Among the 20 varieties, Ullal-3 and Dhana (H-1608) showed the highest similarity indices (87%). It was noted that Vengurla-2 and Vengurla-3 were not grouped into a single cluster but Vengurla-4 has 82% similarity to Vengurla-3. The variety Vengurla-2 has very close similarity (85%) with variety Vridhachalam-3 (M-26/2). The analysis of genetic relationships in cashew using morphological traits and RAPD banding data can be useful for plant improvement, descriptions of new varieties and also for assessment of variety purity in plant certification programmes.

Molecular Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Identification of Elite Cashew Hybrids

“…The analysis of genetic relationships in cashew using morphological traits and RAPD banding data can be useful for plant improvement, description of new variety and also for assessing varietal purity in plant certification programmes (Samal et al, 2003b). Cashew hybrids comprising the most divergent broad genetic group 'Cluster-I' had shown significantly above average productivity.…”

Genetic diversity of hybrid durian resulted from cross breeding between <i>Durio kutejensis</i> and <i>Durio zibethinus</i> based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs)

“…Alternative or different forms of a gene are known as alleles [24]. DNA markers can provide estimation of genetic kinship more accurately than the method of evaluation morphologically or using isozyme data [7,25]. RAPDs are able to detect genomic differences that led to the unique primary nucleotide sequence corresponds to the nucleotide in the genome of the plant.…”

Croissance et aptitude au greffage de deux génotypes d’anacardier (<i>Anacardium occidentale L.</i>) élites utilisés comme porte–greffe en Côte d’Ivoire

“…L'anacardier (Anacardium occidentale L.) est un arbre tropical dont l'aire d'origine s'étend du Mexique jusqu'au Nord-Est du Brésil et au Pérou (Lautié et al, 2001 ;Samal et al, 2003 ;Lacroix, 2003 ;Trekpo, 2003 ;Lyannaz, 2006). Il a été découvert par les Espagnols (Lyannaz, 2006) et les Portugais qui l'ont introduit dans leurs colonies d'Afrique et d'Asie (Martin et al, 1997 ;Lautié et al, 2001;Trekpo, 2003 (Hammed et al, 2008).…”

“…Ailleurs, le rendement moyen est de l'ordre de 800 à 1000 kg/ha (Aliyu, 2007 ;Samal, 2003). Pour lever cette contrainte, il est envisagé la production de plants greffés avec des clones hauts producteurs comme c'est le cas en Inde, au Brésil, au Vietnam, au Mozambique et en Tanzanie.…”