Analysis of gene inheritance and expression in hybrids between transgenic sugar beet and wild beets

Dietz‐Pfeilstetter, Antje; Kirchner, Marion

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00500.x

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…In crosses that used pure transgenic pollen on wild maternal plants, 44% of the progeny was F 1 VRT and deviated from the expected Mendelian ratio, but such deviation was caused by the progeny produced in 6 out of 40 plant families. Mendelian segregation of the VRT occurred in 85% of the families, which is consistent with reports from intraspecific crosses in Beta vulgaris and C. pepo (Dietz-Pfeilstetter andKirchner 1998, Sasu et al 2009).…”

Section: Inter-specific Transmissibility Of the Transgenesupporting

confidence: 89%

Experimental assessment of gene flow between transgenic squash and a wild relative in the center of origin of cucurbits

et al. 2015

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The introgression of modified genetic sequences (transgenes) into wild populations hinges on the generation of viable and fertile hybrids from crosses between transgenic cultivars and their wild relatives. We assessed the risk of escape of a gene construct that confers resistance to three viruses (ZYMV, WMV, CMV) from a transgenic zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) to Cucurbita argyrosperma ssp. sororia, a wild relative at the center of origin of the genus in Mexico. We experimentally generated first and second generation hybrids, as well as backcross progeny (BC), and evaluated their performance. The virus‐resistance transgene was successfully inherited into both hybrid generations and also to BC progeny from the crosses of hybrids with the wild relative. The transgene generally followed Mendelian inheritance as a dominant trait. Both hybrid generations and the BC progeny had lower reproductive output compared to the wild parent. Given that the hybrid and BC progeny were viable and fertile, the escape and persistence of the transgene is possible via wild populations of C. argyrosperma ssp. sororia. This information is essential for biosafety policy in Mexico—center of origin and diversification of several crops—where the liberation of genetically modified plants is currently under approval, and risk assessment is necessary.

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Section: Inter-specific Transmissibility Of the Transgenesupporting

confidence: 89%

Experimental assessment of gene flow between transgenic squash and a wild relative in the center of origin of cucurbits

et al. 2015

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“…For example, two different sugar beet cultivars engineered for herbicide tolerance have been recently deregulated in the United States by USDA‐APHIS [see http://www.aphis.usda.gov/bbep/bp/petday.html (USDA‐APHIS Current Status of Petitions)]. There has been concern that transgenic traits may cause unwanted effects after they escape via hybridization into sea beet populations (Bartsch & Pohl 1996; Bartsch et al . 1996; Dietz‐Pfeilstetter & Kirchner 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of gene flow from cultivated beet on genetic diversity of wild sea beet populations

et al. 1999

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Gene flow and introgression from cultivated plants may have important consequences for the conservation of wild plant populations. Cultivated beets (sugar beet, red beet and Swiss chard: Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) are of particular concern because they are cross-compatible with the wild taxon, sea beet (B.vs. ssp. maritima). Cultivated beet seed production areas are sometimes adjacent to sea beet populations; the numbers of flowering individuals in the former typically outnumber those in the populations of the latter. In such situations, gene flow from cultivated beets has the potential to alter the genetic composition of the nearby wild populations. In this study we measured isozyme allele frequencies of 11 polymorphic loci in 26 accessions of cultivated beet, in 20 sea beet accessions growing near a cultivated beet seed production region in northeastern Italy, and 19 wild beet accessions growing far from seed production areas. We found one allele that is specific to sugar beet, relative to other cultivated types, and a second that has a much higher frequency in Swiss chard and red beet than in sugar beet. Both alleles are typically rare in sea beet populations that are distant from seed production areas, but both are common in those that are near the Italian cultivated beet seed production region, supporting the contention that gene flow from the crop to the wild species can be substantial when both grow in proximity. Interestingly, the introgressed populations have higher genetic diversity than those that are isolated from the crop. The crop-to-wild gene flow rates are unknown, as are the fitness consequences of such alleles in the wild. Thus, we are unable to assess the long-term impact of such introgression. However, it is clear that gene flow from a crop to a wild taxon does not necessarily result in a decrease in the genetic diversity of the native plant.

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“…The B allele and the tolerance gene would have to combine in a single individual, being able to survive and reproduce under herbicide treatment. Unsurprisingly, hybrids between wild beets and transgenic sugar beets are easily obtained (Bartsch & Pohl‐Orf 1996; Dietz‐Pfeilstetter & Kirchner 1998). It should be noted that there is no principal difference between conventional herbicide or transgenic tolerance, so all scenarios considered also apply to conventional tolerance, should it occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic weed beets: possible, probable, avoidable?

Desplanque

Hautekèete

Dijk

2002

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary 1.Weed beets pose a serious problem for sugar beet Beta vulgaris crops. Traditionally, the only efficient method of weed control has been manual removal, but the introduction of transgenic herbicide-tolerant sugar beets may provide an alternative solution because non-tolerant weed beets can be destroyed by herbicide. We evaluated the possibility that new, transgenic, weed beets may arise by gene flow between wild and crop plants. 2. In a study area in northern France, weed beets were present in variable densities in sugar beet fields of up to 80 weed beet plants m − 2 . Weed beets arise from a long-lived seed bank, with seeds germinating from depths of 5 cm or less. In addition, diploid F 1 crop-wild hybrids and triploid variety bolters (individuals with a low vernalization requirement) were present in low densities in virtually all sugar beet fields. We found gene flow to be possible between all forms, illustrated by both overlapping flowering periods in the field and successful controlled cross-pollinations. 3. The F 1 crop-wild hybrids result from pollination in the seed-production region by wild plants possessing the dominant bolting allele B for flowering without experiencing a period of cold. In the case of a transgene for herbicide tolerance incorporated into male-sterile seed-bearer plants, such hybrids will contain both the herbicide-tolerance and the bolting allele. Contamination of the fields by transgenic weed beets will be the result unless bolters are removed manually. The same will apply in the case of a cytoplasmically inherited transgene. 4. Incorporation of the transgene into the pollinator plants will prevent the immediate formation of transgenic weed beets. However, in sugar beet fields, variety bolters may successfully cross-pollinate with weed beets in neighbouring fields. The use of diploid pollinator plants instead of tetraploids will considerably enhance gene flow towards wild beets, and is not, therefore, an attractive option. 5. In conclusion, the appearance of transgenic weed beets is possible but can best be retarded if the transgene for herbicide tolerance is incorporated into the tetraploid pollinator breeding line.

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Analysis of gene inheritance and expression in hybrids between transgenic sugar beet and wild beets

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental assessment of gene flow between transgenic squash and a wild relative in the center of origin of cucurbits

Experimental assessment of gene flow between transgenic squash and a wild relative in the center of origin of cucurbits

Impact of gene flow from cultivated beet on genetic diversity of wild sea beet populations

Transgenic weed beets: possible, probable, avoidable?

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