Analysis of Gene Expression in White Blood Cells of Cattle Orally Challenged with Bovine Amyloidotic Spongiform Encephalopathy

Panelli, Simona; Strozzi, Francesco; Capoferri, Rossana; Barbieri, Ilaria; Martinelli, Nicola; Capucci, Lorenzo; Lombardi, Giovanna; Williams, J. L.

doi:10.1080/15287394.2011.529059

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…As insufficient caprine sequences were available to create a dedicated goat array, a bovine Combimatrix 90K custom array was used [23]. Technical replicates in preliminary cross species hybridization experiments showed good correlation between replicates confirming the possibility to successfully use this microarray for gene expression analysis in goats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of the goat mammary gland to infection with Staphylococcus aureus revealed by gene expression profiling in milk somatic and white blood cells

et al. 2012

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BackgroundS. aureus is one of the main pathogens responsible for the intra-mammary infection in dairy ruminants. Although much work has been carried out to understand the complex physiological and cellular events that occur in the mammary gland in response to S. aureus, the protective mechanisms are still poorly understood. The objectives of the present study were to investigate gene expression during the early response of the goat mammary gland to an experimental challenge with S. aureus, in order to better understand the local and systemic response and to compare them in two divergent lines of goat selected for high and low milk somatic cell scores.ResultsNo differences in gene expression were found between high and low SCS (Somatic Cells Score) selection lines. Analysing the two groups together, an expression of 300 genes were found to change from T0 before infection, and T4 at 24 hours and T5 at 30 hours following challenge. In blood derived white blood cells 8 genes showed increased expression between T0 and T5 and 1 gene has reduced expression. The genes showing the greatest increase in expression following challenge (5.65 to 3.16 fold change) play an important role in (i) immune and inflammatory response (NFKB1, TNFAIP6, BASP1, IRF1, PLEK, BATF3); (ii) the regulation of innate resistance to pathogens (PTX3); and (iii) the regulation of cell metabolism (CYTH4, SLC2A6, ARG2). The genes with reduced expression (−1.5 to −2.5 fold) included genes involved in (i) lipid metabolism (ABCG2, FASN), (ii) chemokine, cytokine and intracellular signalling (SPPI), and (iii) cell cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (KRT19).ConclusionsAnalysis of genes with differential expression following infection showed an inverse relationship between immune response and lipid metabolism in the early response of the mammary gland to the S. aureus challenge. PTX3 showed a large change in expression in both milk and blood, and is therefore a candidate for further studies on immune response associated with mastitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microarray design has been described previously [23], briefly all available bovine transcript sequence information was downloaded from Ensembl release 50, and Unigene and dbEST databases (Sept. 2008). A bioinformatic pipeline was created to align the sequences and select a unique set of minimally redundant bovine transcripts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the goat mammary gland to infection with Staphylococcus aureus revealed by gene expression profiling in milk somatic and white blood cells

et al. 2012

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“…The patterns of gene expression in white blood cells following oral infection of cattle with Bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy (BASE) has also been investigated and significant change in expression of genes linked to T- and B-cell development and activation, and to inflammatory responses was observed [67]. High-density whole genome association study in 143 BSE case and 173 control animals elucidated chromosomal regions and positional candidate genes associated with disease [28].…”

Section: Identification Of Candidate Genes Through Functional Genomicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Genomics Approach for Identification of Molecular Processes Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders in Prion Diseases

Basu

Guan²,

Moore³

2012

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Prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are infectious neurodegenerative disorders leading to death. These include Cresutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), familial, sporadic and variant CJD and kuru in humans; and animal TSEs include scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, chronic wasting disease (CWD) of mule deer and elk, and transmissible mink encephalopathy. All these TSEs share common pathological features such as accumulation of mis-folded prion proteins in the central nervous system leading to cellular dysfunction and cell death. It is important to characterize the molecular pathways and events leading to prion induced neurodegeneration. Here we discuss the impact of the functional genomics approaches including microarrays, subtractive hybridization and microRNA profiling in elucidating transcriptional cascades at different stages of disease. Many of these transcriptional changes have been observed in multiple neurodegenerative diseases which may aid in identification of biomarkers for disease. A comprehensive characterization of expression profiles implicated in neurodegenerative disorders will undoubtedly advance our understanding on neuropathology and dysfunction during prion disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. We also present an outlook on the future work which may focus on analysis of structural genetic variation, genome and transcriptome sequencing using next generation sequencing with an integrated approach on animal and human TSE related studies.

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“…For example, L-type Atypical BSE (L-BSE) was proposed to be more transmissible than C-BSE, due to the results obtained in tg650 mice (Beringue et al, 2008a). However, successful transmission of L-BSE to cattle as the natural host via the oral route has not yet resulted in clinical disease, even after very long incubation periods (Panelli et al, 2011). Thus, the results obtained by experimentation in genetically modified mice have to be interpreted with caution and cannot be directly translated into a quantitative assessment of the zoonotic potential of animal TSE.…”

Section: Transgenic Humanised Mice (Tghu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on a request for a review of a scientific publication concerning the zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions

2015

EFSA Journal

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The factors that modulate the transmissibility of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) and the approaches for the study of their zoonotic potential are reviewed. The paper 'Evidence for zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions' by Cassard et al. (2014) is scientifically appraised, focussing on the experimental design, the results and the conclusions. The paper provides evidence in a laboratory experiment that some Classical scrapie isolates can propagate in humanised transgenic mice and produce prions that on second passage are similar to those causing one form of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). It is concluded that the results from the study raise the possibility that scrapie prions have the potential to be zoonotic, but do not provide evidence that transmission can or does take place under field conditions. The conclusions of the 2011 ECDC-EFSA 'Joint Scientific Opinion on any possible epidemiological or molecular association between TSEs in animals and humans' are reviewed in the light of the new scientific evidence available since its publication. This supports and strengthens the conclusions of that opinion with regard to the potential for some animal TSE to be zoonotic, but does not provide evidence of a causal link between Classical or Atypical scrapie and human TSE. Current evidence does not establish this link, and no consistent risk factors have been identified for sCJD. The possibility of scrapie-related public health risks from the consumption of ovine products cannot be assessed. Recommendations are formulated on further studies and data that are needed to investigate the zoonotic potential of animal TSE and to estimate the amount of infectivity from TSE-infected products sourced from small ruminants and entering the food chain in the European Union. © European Food Safety Authority, 2015Keywords: Atypical scrapie, Classical scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, zoonosis Amendment: An amendment has been made to the following sentence on p. 31: 'In this regard the emergence of sCJD is not so surprising, and has been described after inoculation of tgHu mice with cattle BSE and human vCJD (Asante et al., 2002;Beringue et al., 2008b)'. This was carried out to clarify that one of the references reported emergence of sporadic CJD after experimental inoculation of humanised transgenic mice with vCJD, which was not correctly stated in the published opinion. An amendment has been made on p. 28, to add the word 'OR' between two search terms within the literature search string reported. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Requestor: European CommissionThe EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. SummaryFollowing a request from the European Commission (EC), the EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the review of a scientific publication concerning the zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions.T...

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Analysis of Gene Expression in White Blood Cells of Cattle Orally Challenged with Bovine Amyloidotic Spongiform Encephalopathy

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Response of the goat mammary gland to infection with Staphylococcus aureus revealed by gene expression profiling in milk somatic and white blood cells

Response of the goat mammary gland to infection with Staphylococcus aureus revealed by gene expression profiling in milk somatic and white blood cells

Functional Genomics Approach for Identification of Molecular Processes Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders in Prion Diseases

Scientific Opinion on a request for a review of a scientific publication concerning the zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions

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