Analysis of Gaze Movement while Reading E-Books

Takahira, Hideaki; Ishikawa, Ryouichi; Kikuchi, Kei; Shinkawa, Tatsuya; Yamada, Mitsuho

doi:10.1587/transfun.e97.a.530

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Differences in page-turning behavior when reading an e-book vs. a paper book correspond to differences in eye movement. It was shown that the eyes of the subjects moved in a straight line while reading an e-book, but depended on the reader's page-turning behavior with a paper book [1]. By developing such eye-movement studies, we expect to be able to propose a new display method that reflects the human receiving characteristics of visual information, not only for e-books, but for all devices that display visual information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Accurate Analysis System Regarding Information Processing within the Gazing Point

Kushima

Suganuma

Mochiduki

et al. 2019

IEICE Trans. Fundamentals

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Over the last 10 years, tablets have spread to the point where we can now read electronic books (e-books) like paper books. There is a long history of studies of eye movement during reading. Remarkable results have been reported for reading experiments in which displayed letters are changed in conjunction with eye movement during reading. However, these studies were conducted in the 1970s, and it is difficult to judge the detailed descriptions of the experimental techniques and whether the display time was correctly controlled when changing letters. Here, we propose an experimental system to control the display information exactly, as well as the display time, and inspect the results of past reading research, with the aim of being at the forefront of reading research in the e-book era.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Accurate Analysis System Regarding Information Processing within the Gazing Point

Kushima

Suganuma

Mochiduki

et al. 2019

IEICE Trans. Fundamentals

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“…A significant difference in eye movement during new page operation was observed between E-books and paper books, and the time to complete the page turning was different. The average page-turning time for E-books was shorter than that for paper books, and the average displacement length of E-books was shorter than that for paper books [1]. As shown in this research, it is considered that reading behavior or style will change from that with which we have been accustomed because digital books do not require a grasping and turning operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Dependence on the display methods of change in accommodation and convergence when a target moves along the depth direction

Yokoyama

Mochiduki

Takahira

et al. 2015

2015 14th IAPR International Conference on Machine Vision Applications (MVA)

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We have studied human behavior while using a small tablet or a digital book in terms of eye movement. These display media are widely used in conditions that cause hand movement, like on a moving bus or train. Therefore, we focused on the tracking accuracy of accommodation and convergence while subjects viewed a display that was moving in the depth direction. We developed an experimental device that measures the lens accommodation and convergence eye movement simultaneously and can be combined with equipment that moves a small tablet or a digital book linearly in the depth direction. We then evaluated changes in accommodation and convergence angle during depth-direction movement with different kinds of display media, fonts and font sizes. The amount of change in accommodation showed a tendency to depend on the display medium and the size of the font, and the type of font to the motion of a depth direction. The change in the angle of convergence was not dependent on the type of display medium, and the size of the font and the type of font depended only on the depth movement of the target. The tendency overshot in the direction approaching a subject was seen.

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“…Recently, two kinds of samples have been studied: observers-in-image and observers-out-ofimage. For samples without observers, existing methods focus on saliency detection [6], [7] or analyses of gaze patterns [8], [9]. For observers-in-image, related works were early defined by Lian et al [10] as "gaze following".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GazeFollowTR: A Method of Gaze Following with Reborn Mechanism

Dai

et al. 2023

IEICE Trans. Fundamentals

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Gaze following is the task of estimating where an observer is looking inside a scene. Both the observer and scene information must be learned to determine the gaze directions and gaze points. Recently, many existing works have only focused on scenes or observers. In contrast, revealed frameworks for gaze following are limited. In this paper, a gaze following method using a hybrid transformer is proposed. Based on the conventional method (GazeFollow), we conduct three developments. First, a hybrid transformer is applied for learning head images and gaze positions. Second, the pinball loss function is utilized to control the gaze point error. Finally, a novel ReLU layer with the reborn mechanism (reborn ReLU) is conducted to replace traditional ReLU layers in different network stages. To test the performance of our developments, we train our developed framework with the DL Gaze dataset and evaluate the model on our collected set. Through our experimental results, it can be proven that our framework can achieve outperformance over our referred methods.

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Analysis of Gaze Movement while Reading E-Books

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Development of a Novel Accurate Analysis System Regarding Information Processing within the Gazing Point

Development of a Novel Accurate Analysis System Regarding Information Processing within the Gazing Point

Dependence on the display methods of change in accommodation and convergence when a target moves along the depth direction

GazeFollowTR: A Method of Gaze Following with Reborn Mechanism

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