Analysis of Free-Space Optics Development

Mikołajczyk, J.; Bielecki, Z.; Bugajski, M.; Piotrowski, J.; Wojtas, J.; Gawron, W.; Szabra, D.; Prokopiuk, A.

doi:10.1515/mms-2017-0060

Cited by 45 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Currently, FSO in LWIR is dominated by MCT being temperature unstable due to the weak Hg bonds reducing the material strength, resulting in a weak mechanical properties and major difficulties in a material processing (detectivity for MCT LWIR, k $ 10 lm should stay within range $ 9 9 10 9 -3 9 10 10 Jones, while time constant 4-0.3 ns to fulfill requirements of the FSO system-detectivity and time constant stay in contradiction in optimization process). 5,6 That issue could be circumvented by the IB CID with T2SLs A III B V active layers. In the paper the utmost detectivity of IB CID for LWIR range (k = 10 lm, E g = 0.124 eV) and HOT conditions are discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultimate Performance of IB CID T2SLs InAs/GaSb and InAs/InAsSb Longwave Photodetectors for High Operating Temperature Condition

Martyniuk

Hackiewicz

Rutkowski

et al. 2019

Journal of Elec Materi

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The highest performance of interband cascade detectors optimized for the longwave range of infrared radiation is investigated in this work to include decisive electric gain contribution. Presently, A III B V -type-II superlattice systems exhibit short carrier lifetimes limited by Shockley-Read-Hall generation-recombination processes. The maximum reported carrier lifetimes at 77 K for the InAs/GaSb and InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices in longwave range correspond to $ 200 ns and $ 400 ns, respectively. We estimated theoretical detectivity of interband cascade detectors versus high operating temperatures, number of stages, absorber thickness, absorption coefficient and carrier lifetime; carrier lifetime were varied up to the reported value of MCT $ 1 ls. It has been shown that for room temperature the utmost performance-detectivity $ 10 10 cmHz 1/2 /W for the optimized detector operating in the longwave range $ 10 lm and assuming electric gain effect could be reached.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultimate Performance of IB CID T2SLs InAs/GaSb and InAs/InAsSb Longwave Photodetectors for High Operating Temperature Condition

Martyniuk

Hackiewicz

Rutkowski

et al. 2019

Journal of Elec Materi

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“…Pranalytica, for example, offers a QC laser operated at the wavelength of 4.6 μm with an average power above 4 W [ 25 ]. It can be modulated with a standard laser driver up to 100 kHz or with a special switching unit up to 1 GHz [ 26 ]. However, there is no further information about this unit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Link with a High-Power Pulsed Quantum Cascade Laser Operating at the Wavelength of 4.5 µm

Mikołajczyk

2021

Sensors

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This article is a short study of the application of high-power quantum cascade lasers and photodetectors in medium-infrared optical wireless communications (OWC). The link range is mainly determined by the transmitted beam parameters and the performance of the light sensor. The light power and the photodetector noise directly determine the signal-to-noise power ratio. This ratio could be maximized in the case of minimizing the radiation losses caused by atmospheric attenuation. It can be obtained by applying both radiation sources and sensors operated in the medium infrared range decreasing the effects of absorption, scattering or scintillation, beam spreading, and beam wandering. The development of a new class of laser sources based on quantum cascade structures becomes a prospective alternative. Regarding the literature, there are descriptions of some preliminary research applying these lasers in data transmission. To provide a high data transfer rate, continuous wave (cw) lasers are commonly used. However, they are characterized by low power (a few tens of mWatts) limiting their link range. Also, only a few high-power pulsed lasers (a few hundreds of mWatts) were tested. Due to their limited pulse duty cycle, the obtained modulation bandwidth was lower than 1 MHz. The main goal of this study is to experimentally determine the capabilities of the currently developed state-of-the-art high-power pulsed quantum cascade (QC) lasers and photodetectors in OWC systems. Finally, the data link range using optical pulses of a QC laser of ~2 W, operated at the wavelength of ~4.5 µm, is discussed.

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“…The designed hybrid link consists of two data transmission channels using optical radiation (FSO) and radio waves (RF). Unlike existing FSO/RF communication devices, the applied optical channel operates in the spectral range of 8-12 µm (LWIR) applying quantum cascade lasers and MCT photodetectors [4]. That is why, it is less sensitive to worse atmospheric phenomena (fog, mist or turbulence) and harder to detect, interception of data transmissions comparing currently used FSO systems operated in the near infrared (900 nm -NIR) or short wave infrared (1500 nm -SWIR) range and lower risk of interferences [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid wireless communication link

Mikołajczyk

Matyszkiel

Szabra

et al. 2020

Radioelectronic Systems Conference 2019

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The paper presents a construction of a wireless hybrid data link operates applying two transmission channels using optical radiation (FSO-Free Space Optics) and radio one (RF-Radio Frequency). Based on some parameters (e.g. laser power, optics aperture, photodetector detectivity, signal bandwidth, beam divergence) of the link components, its data range was determined for various operating conditions (visibility and turbulence). Preliminary tests of the link prototype (TRL 6) were carried out at the Military Communication Institute, Poland. The results showed that the use of FSO/RF technology systems can provide the increase in data transmission security, link availability, and immunity to intentional interference. Considering the features of this technology, high applicable potential to military activities was observed.

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Analysis of Free-Space Optics Development

Cited by 45 publications

References 23 publications

Ultimate Performance of IB CID T2SLs InAs/GaSb and InAs/InAsSb Longwave Photodetectors for High Operating Temperature Condition

Ultimate Performance of IB CID T2SLs InAs/GaSb and InAs/InAsSb Longwave Photodetectors for High Operating Temperature Condition

Data Link with a High-Power Pulsed Quantum Cascade Laser Operating at the Wavelength of 4.5 µm

Hybrid wireless communication link

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