Analysis of Free‐Radical Scavenging of Yerba Mate (<i>Ilex paraguriensis</i>) using Electron Spin Resonance and Radical‐Induced DNA Damage

Leonard, Stephen S.; Hogans, Vallie J.; Coppes-Petricorena, Zulema; Peer, Cody J.; Vining, Timothy A.; Fleming, David W.; Harris, Gabriel K.

doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01394.x

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The acellular Fenton-like reactions were carried out with 1 mM H 2 O 2 and 1 mg/ml welding fume suspensions to determine if the particles have the potential to convert H 2 O 2 into •OH as in previous studies [16], [24], [30]. Each of the samples induced ESR peaks in a 1∶2∶2∶1 spectra, indicating •OH radical generation [19], but the GMA-SS fume produced significantly higher peaks compared to the other two samples (94.7±5.6 mm GMA-SS vs. 68.2±10.6 mm GMA-MS and 52.3±3.6 mm Ni-Cu WF, mean ± SD) ( Figure 4A ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress from Welding Fumes Generated with a New Nickel-, Copper-Based Consumable versus Mild and Stainless Steel-Based Welding in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages

et al. 2014

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Welding processes that generate fumes containing toxic metals, such as hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), have been implicated in lung injury, inflammation, and lung tumor promotion in animal models. While federal regulations have reduced permissible worker exposure limits to Cr(VI), this is not always practical considering that welders may work in confined spaces and exhaust ventilation may be ineffective. Thus, there has been a recent initiative to minimize the potentially hazardous components in welding materials by developing new consumables containing much less Cr(VI) and Mn. A new nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu)-based material (Ni-Cu WF) is being suggested as a safer alternative to stainless steel consumables; however, its adverse cellular effects have not been studied. This study compared the cytotoxic effects of the newly developed Ni-Cu WF with two well-characterized welding fumes, collected from gas metal arc welding using mild steel (GMA-MS) or stainless steel (GMA-SS) electrodes. RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were exposed to the three welding fumes at two doses (50 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml) for up to 24 hours. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phagocytic function, and cytokine production were examined. The GMA-MS and GMA-SS samples were found to be more reactive in terms of ROS production compared to the Ni-Cu WF. However, the fumes from this new material were more cytotoxic, inducing cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction at a lower dose. Additionally, pre-treatment with Ni-Cu WF particles impaired the ability of cells to phagocytize E. coli, suggesting macrophage dysfunction. Thus, the toxic cellular responses to welding fumes are largely due to the metal composition. The results also suggest that reducing Cr(VI) and Mn in the generated fume by increasing the concentration of other metals (e.g., Ni, Cu) may not necessarily improve welder safety.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress from Welding Fumes Generated with a New Nickel-, Copper-Based Consumable versus Mild and Stainless Steel-Based Welding in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages

et al. 2014

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“…Ilex has documented antioxidant properties (Boaventura et al, 2012; Gao et al, 2013b; Leonard et al, 2010) and increases NO bioavailability, while decreasing vasoconstrictors including endothelin and thromboxane B2 (Gao et al, 2013a), in both human and rat models (Muccillo Baisch et al, 1998; Schinella et al, 2005). However, the effects of topically applied ilex and possible interactions with menthol on cutaneous blood flow are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical menthol increases cutaneous blood flow

Craighead

Alexander

2016

Microvascular Research

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Menthol, the active ingredient in several topically applied analgesics, activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) receptors on sensory nerves and on the vasculature inducing a cooling sensation on the skin. Ilex paraguariensis is also a common ingredient in topical analgesics that has potential vasoactive properties and may alter the mechanisms of action of menthol. We sought to characterize the microvascular effects of topical menthol and ilex application and to determine the mechanism(s) through which these compounds may independently and combined alter cutaneous blood flow. We hypothesized that menthol would induce vasoconstriction and that ilex would not alter skin blood flow (SkBF). Three separate protocols were conducted to examine menthol and ilex-mediated changes in SkBF. In protocol 1, placebo, 4% menthol, 0.7% ilex, and combination menthol + ilex gels were applied separately to the skin and red cell flux was continuously measured utilizing laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). In protocol 2, seven concentrations of menthol gel (0.04%, 0.4%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 7%, 8%) were applied to the skin to model the dose-response curve. In protocol 3, placebo, menthol, ilex, and menthol + ilex gels were applied to skin under local thermal control (34°C) both with and without sensory nerve blockage (topical lidocaine 4%). Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) and local heating (42°C) protocols were conducted to determine the relative contribution of endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs)/sensory nerves and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. Red cell flux was normalized to mean arterial pressure expressed as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC: flux•mmHg-1) in all protocols. Topical menthol application increased SkBF compared to placebo (3.41±0.33 v 1.1±0.19 CVC: p<0.001). During the dose-response, SkBF increased with increasing doses of menthol (main effect, p<0.05) with an ED50 of 1.0%. Similarly, SkBF was increased after menthol application during PORH (3.62±0.29 v 2.50±0.21 flux•mmHg-1; p<0.001), but not local heating (2.98±0.24 v 2.86±0.32 flux•mmHg-1; p=0.44). Concurrent sensory nerve inhibition attenuated menthol-mediated vasodilation at thermoneutral baseline (1.29±0.19 flux•mmHg-1; p<0.001) and during PORH (2.79±0.28 flux•mmHg-1; p<0.001), but not during local heating (3.45±0.21 flux•mmHg-1; p=0.1). Topically applied menthol, but not ilex, dose-dependently increases blood flow in the cutaneous microvasculature. This increase in blood flow is mediated, in-part by sensory nerves and EDHFs.

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“…The potential biological functions of CQA derivatives from various plant sources have been partially elucidated by several investigators, including antioxidant capacity 4–6, antiviral effect 7–9, anti HIV effects 7, 8, neuroprotective 10, 11, and antimutagenic activity 12. Yerba mate tea has demonstrated potent antioxidant 13–17, anti‐inflammatory effects 18–20, chemopreventive effect against mammary 21, and colon carcinogenesis 13, 21. However, the exact mechanisms of action and the bioactive constituents involved in the protective effects of mate tea against carcinogenesis are not clearly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicaffeoylquinic acids in Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) inhibit NF‐κB nucleus translocation in macrophages and induce apoptosis by activating caspases‐8 and ‐3 in human colon cancer cells

Puangpraphant

Berhow

Vermillion

et al. 2011

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Analysis of Free‐Radical Scavenging of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguriensis) using Electron Spin Resonance and Radical‐Induced DNA Damage

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

A Comparison of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress from Welding Fumes Generated with a New Nickel-, Copper-Based Consumable versus Mild and Stainless Steel-Based Welding in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages

A Comparison of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress from Welding Fumes Generated with a New Nickel-, Copper-Based Consumable versus Mild and Stainless Steel-Based Welding in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages

Topical menthol increases cutaneous blood flow

Dicaffeoylquinic acids in Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) inhibit NF‐κB nucleus translocation in macrophages and induce apoptosis by activating caspases‐8 and ‐3 in human colon cancer cells

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