Consistent decisions on the degree of equivalence between metal specifications of different national origins cannot be made only on the basis of chemical composition and direct comparison of mechanical property numbers. There are numerous additional factors, which, if present, can influence the determination of equivalency because of their effect on property requirements. In order to remove the uncertainty in this decision-making process, these additional factors must be evaluated in each comparison. A generalized approach has been developed in which evaluation criteria have been identified and discussed in terms of their role in the determining of equivalence. These criteria are presented as part of a guideline for conducting material specification comparisons.