Analysis of flood susceptibility and zonation for risk management using frequency ratio model in District Charsadda, Pakistan

Abstract

This study focuses on the analysis of flood susceptibility and resultant zonation for risk management using frequency ratio model in District Charsadda, Pakistan. To achieve the study objectives, a reconnaissance survey was conducted, and frequent flood inundated areas were identified in the study area by interpretation of Landsat 7 image together with the intensive field survey, a total of 161 flooded locations were demarcated at different part of the district with handheld GPS. As a result, an inventory of spatial database of past flood inundation was generated and role of all the influencing factors for detecting the extent of flood susceptibility. During flood susceptibility analysis, ten conditioning parameters including: elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, plan curvature, profile curvature, proximity to roads, proximity to streams, proximity to river and land use/land cover were selected. A correlation between conditioning factors and flood was calculated using frequency ratio method. Consequently, the summation of frequency ratio values was taken for all the parameters for development of flood susceptibility index. The flood susceptibility index was then classified into five zones of very low (27.64%), low (39.88%), moderately susceptible (22.25%), high susceptible (7.78%), very high (2.46%). So, for the likelihood of the model was determined using success rate curve method, area under curve acquired for the model was 0.9226. The flood susceptibility zones could be used for flood risk management and land use planning for minimizing the potential risk in the floodplain of rivers flowing through the study area.

GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Approach for Flood Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping in District Shangla: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

“…The effectual mitigation strategies (awareness campaign about the occurring phenomenon, safe location for the construction) will reduce the sensitivity of the area to flood impacts. Slope and elevation are two important topographic factors that influence the flood generation mechanism [50,71].…”

“…The District was not rehabilitated from the previous flood; another flood of 2014 and 2016 hit the region and caused 22 deaths, 281 injuries, and more infrastructural as well as economic damages [48]. Due to the frequency and intensity of flood impacts, the researchers have performed a range of studies from various perspectives of the flood phenomenon [25,47,49,50]. Most of them considered certain parameters that apply exclusively to the causes of flood hazards and their socioeconomic impacts.…”

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“…Globally, floods remain among the most common and dangerous disasters that do not only displace and kill people but also destroy livelihoods, personal properties, and public infrastructure [1][2][3]. Floods often affect victims' mental health and disrupt the social functioning of communities [4].…”

“…Modern technological applications, notably remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), together known as geospatial techniques, are emerging as effective methods for preventing flood hazards [5]. In contemporary societies, for instance, geospatial techniques can be used for mapping areas of flood hazard and for predicting flood occurrences [2,[6][7][8]. Accurate prediction of areas of flood hazard remains an important priority in flood risk reduction initiatives [9].…”

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