Analysis of Flavonoid Metabolites in Chaenomeles Petals Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS

Abstract

Chaenomeles species are used for both ornamental decoration and medicinal purposes. In order to have a better understanding of the flavonoid profile of Chaenomeles, the petals of four Chaenomeles species, including Chaenomeles japonica (RB), Chaenomeles speciose (ZP), Chaenomeles sinensis (GP), and Chaenomeles cathayensis (MY), were selected as experimental material. The total flavonoid content of GP was found to be the highest, followed by MY, ZP, and RB. In total, 179 flavonoid metabolites (including 49 flavonols, 46 flavonoids, 19 flavone C-glycosides, 17 procyanidins, 15 anthocyanins, 10 flavanols, 10 dihydroflavonoids, 6 isoflavones, 5 dihydroflavonols, and 2 chalcones) were identified by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Screening of differential flavonoid metabolites showed that GP had higher levels of metabolites when compared with the other three Chaenomeles species. Annotation and enrichment analysis of flavonoid metabolites revealed that cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside and pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside anthocyanins are likely responsible for the color differences of the four Chaenomeles petals. Additionally, a large number of flavonoids, flavonols, and isoflavones were enriched in the petals of GP. This study provides new insights into the development and utilization of Chaenomeles petals and provides a basis for future investigations into their utilization.

Total Flavonoids Extracts of Apocynum L. from the Ili River Valley Region at Different Harvesting Periods and Bioactivity Analysis

“…Orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) is an effective method for identifying differential metabolites as it maximizes the distinction between different groups [ 31 ]. Q 2 is an essential parameter for evaluating the model in OPLS-DA, where a value of Q 2 greater than 0.9 indicates that the model is a good one [ 31 ].…”

“…Orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) is an effective method for identifying differential metabolites as it maximizes the distinction between different groups [ 31 ]. Q 2 is an essential parameter for evaluating the model in OPLS-DA, where a value of Q 2 greater than 0.9 indicates that the model is a good one [ 31 ]. In this study, the OPLS-DA model was used to compare the flavonoid metabolite content of A. venetum (AV) and A. hendersonii (AH) samples (R 2 X = 0.945, R 2 Y = 998, Q 2 = 0.984; Figure 3 B,C).…”

Specific features of the water regime of the genus Chaenomeles introduced plants in the steppe zone conditions

“…Аналіз плодів 12 різних сортів Chaenomeles показав високий рівень накопичення поліфенолів, флавоноїдів і тритерпенів як у шкірці, так і м'якоті плодів. Олеанолова кислота, урсолова кислота, протокатехінова кислота, рутин, катехін, кавова кислота, сирингова кислота, епікатехін, гіперин, кверцетин, кемпферол і хлорогенова кислота вказані як основні біоактивні речовини плодів хеномелесу (Miao et al, 2018) (Shen et al, 2020). Доповнюють перелік біоактивних компонентів рослин Chaenomeles такі речовини, як спирти, кетони, альдегіди, висока концентрація вітамінів С (Bieniasz et al, 2017;Watychowicz et al, 2017), пектинів (Thomas et al, 2003), а також макро-і мікроелементів, включаючи фосфор, калій, кальцій і купрум (Klimenko & Nedviga, 1999;Baranowska-Bosiacka et al, 2017).…”

Properties of Cell-Compatible Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels Cross-Linked with Hydrophobic Luteolin

“…We speculated that some hydrophobic biomolecules with phenolic groups would also have the potential to form hydrogen-bonded cross-links. Phenolic molecules have not been studied thus far, most likely because the strong self-aggregation tendency of hydrophobic biomolecules not only limits their medical applications, but also hinders the formation of hybrid gels with polymers such as PVA. − In addition, because of the differences in chemical properties from different numbers and positions of biomolecular phenolic groups, it is challenging to test hydrophobic biomolecules that can stably cross-link PVA molecular chains …”