Analysis of Fat Content with Special Emphasis on Trans Isomers in Frequently Consumed Food Products in Egypt: The First Steps in the Trans Fatty Acid Elimination Roadmap

Ismail, Ghada; Naga, Randa Abo El; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Jabbour, Jana; Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub

doi:10.3390/nu13093087

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…On average, 34% of the products exceeded the TFAs limit (more than 2 g TFA/100 g of fat). The study revealed that around one third of products in the Egyptian market have a high TFAs content ( 72 ). Iran has achieved a marked improvement in the reduction of TFAs as early studies recorded 12.3 g as a mean intake in 2007, while in 2013 this has been reduced to 1.42 and 1.5 g in 2018 ( 73 – 76 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Obesity: The Major Risk Factors Beyond Non-Communicable Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Al-Jawaldeh

Abbass

2022

Front. Nutr.

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There are 22 countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) expanding from Morocco in the west to Pakistan and Afghanistan in the east, containing a population of 725,721 million in 2020. In the previous 30 years, the illness burden in the EMR has transmitted from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In 2019, cardiovascular mortality in the EMR was mostly attributed to ischemic heart disease, the first reason for mortality in 19 countries in the region. Stroke was the second reason for death in nine countries followed by diabetes, which was ranked as the second reason for death in two countries. The prominent nutrition-related NCDs risk factors in EMR include obesity, hypertension, high fasting plasma glucose, and upregulated unhealthy diet consumption. Most of the EMR population are unaware of their NCDs risk factor status. These risk factors, even if treated, are often poorly controlled, therefore, inhibiting their existence by changing the lifestyle to proper dietary habits and sufficient physical activity is mandatory. In this review, the epidemiology and nutrition-related risk factors of NCDs in the EMR will be discussed and illustrated, aiming to scale up action and support decision-makers in implementing cost effective strategies to address obesity and NCDs prevention and management in the region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Obesity: The Major Risk Factors Beyond Non-Communicable Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Al-Jawaldeh

Abbass

2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…Acknowledging that different countries/studies may have used various methods for the chemical determination of TFA levels in foods, the WHO has spearheaded the development of a standardized chemical analysis protocol for TFA assessment (98). This has been already implemented in Egypt and Jordan (94,97), as well as Lebanon and Morocco (data not published yet) (Supplementary Table 3).…”

Section: Assessment Of Tfa Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Trans Fat Reduction Initiatives in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

et al. 2021

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High intakes of trans fatty acids (TFA), particularly industrially-produced TFA, are implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, which represent the leading cause of mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). This systematic review aims to document existing national TFA reduction strategies in the EMR, providing an overview of initiatives that are implemented by countries of the region, and tracking progress toward the elimination of industrially-produced TFA. A systematic review of published and gray literature was conducted using a predefined search strategy. A total of 136 peer-reviewed articles, gray literature documents, websites and references from country contacts were obtained, up until 2 August 2021. Randomized-control trials, case-control studies, and studies targeting unhealthy population groups were excluded. Only articles published after 1995, in English, Arabic or French, were included. Key characteristics of strategies were extracted and classified according to a pre-developed framework, which includes TFA intake assessment; determination of TFA levels in foods; strategic approach; implementation strategies (TFA bans/limits; consumer education, labeling, interventions in public institution settings, taxation), as well as monitoring and evaluation of program impact. Thirteen out of the 22 countries of the EMR (59%) have estimated TFA intake levels, 9 have determined TFA levels in foods (41%), and 14 (63.6%) have national TFA reduction initiatives. These initiatives were mainly led by governments, or by national multi-sectoral committees. The most common TFA reduction initiatives were based on TFA limits or bans (14/14 countries), with a mandatory approach being adopted by 8 countries (Bahrain, Iran, Jordan, KSA, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman and Palestine). Complementary approaches were implemented in several countries, including consumer education (10/14), food labeling (9/14) and interventions in specific settings (7/14). Monitoring activities were conducted by few countries (5/14), and impact evaluations were identified in only Iran and the UAE. The robustness of the studies, in terms of methodology and quality of assessment, as well as the lack of sufficient data in the EMR, remain a limitation that needs to be highlighted. Further action is needed to initiate TFA reduction programs in countries that are lagging behind, and to ensure rigorous implementation and evaluation of ongoing programs.

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“…Similar trends were observed in Sweden with the highest total TFA values in 1995–1997 and really low values in 2007 ( 68 ) as well as in Argentina ( 75 ) and Korea ( 76 ). Table 2 summarizes the total TFA values of various food groups based on recent measurements in Thailand ( 77 ), Egypt ( 78 ), Argentina ( 75 ), Spain ( 74 ), Jamaica ( 79 ) and Malaysia ( 80 ). Previous research has shown that both voluntary and regulatory measures to reduce iTFA content in foods have resulted in substantial reductions in global intakes of TFAs over the past two decades ( 61 , 81 , 82 ), including Canada ( 83 ) and the European Union (EU) countries ( 84 ).…”

Section: Fatty Acids In Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans isomeric fatty acids in human milk and their role in infant health and development

Hatem,

Kaçar,

Kaçar

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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It is well known that long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) play an important role in neurodevelopment in the perinatal life. The most important source of these fatty acids is the diet, however, they can also be formed in the human body from their shorter chain precursors, the essential fatty acids. Since the WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after birth, the exclusive source of these fatty acids for breastfed infants is human milk, which can be influenced by the mother’s diet. Unsaturated fatty acids can have either cis or trans configuration double bond in their chain with distinct physiological effects. Cis isomeric unsaturated fatty acids have several beneficial effects, while trans isomers are mostly detrimental, because of their similar structure to saturated fatty acids. Trans fatty acids (TFAs) can be further subdivided into industrial (iTFA) and ruminant-derived trans fatty acids (rTFA). However, the physiological effects of these two TFA subgroups may differ. In adults, dietary intake of iTFA has been linked to atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, obesity, chronic inflammation, and increased development of certain cancers, among other diseases. However, iTFAs can have a negative impact on health not only in adulthood but in childhood too. Results from previous studies have shown that iTFAs have a significant negative effect on LCPUFA levels in the blood of newborns and infants. In addition, iTFAs can affect the growth and development of infants, and animal studies suggest that they might even have lasting negative effects later in life. Since the only source of TFAs in the human body is the diet, the TFA content of breast milk may determine the TFA supply of breastfed infants and thus affect the levels of LCPUFAs important for neurodevelopment and the health of infants. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the TFA content in human milk available in the literature and their potential effects on infant health and development.

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Analysis of Fat Content with Special Emphasis on Trans Isomers in Frequently Consumed Food Products in Egypt: The First Steps in the Trans Fatty Acid Elimination Roadmap

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Obesity: The Major Risk Factors Beyond Non-Communicable Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Obesity: The Major Risk Factors Beyond Non-Communicable Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

A Systematic Review of Trans Fat Reduction Initiatives in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Trans isomeric fatty acids in human milk and their role in infant health and development

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